Alstom Crespin

File:Blanc Misseron - Plaque de constructeur BiCabine TS N60.JPG

Les Ateliers de Construction du Nord de la France (The Construction Workshops in the North of France) was founded in 1882 as a subsidiary of Franco-Belgian company La Métallurgique.{{cite web|url=http://lurs.org.uk/documents/pdf09/may/district_electric_trains2.pdf| title = DISTRICT ELECTRIC TRAINS 3 – FROM A TO B| author = Piers Connor|work=lurs.org.uk|page=11|publisher = London Underground Railway Society (LURS)}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3P2oLdS-MBsC| title = Del metal al motor: innovación y atraso en la historia de la industria metal-mecánica española| language= es|author = Paloma Fernández Pérez| publisher =Fundacion BBVA|year= 2007|page=292| isbn = 9788496515321}}{{refn|La Métallurgique was founded in 1880, it was succeeded by Trust Métallurgique Belge-Français in 1899/1900.{{cite book|title = Industries, patronat et ouvriers du Valenciennois pendant le premier XXème siècle: développements et restructurations capitalistes a l'âge du charbon et de l'acier|volume= 1|author = Odette Hardy-Hémery|publisher = Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, Université Lille III|year = 1985|page =226|isbn= 9782729500368| language =fr|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hoktAAAAMAAJ}}{{cite book| title= La Belgique entre la France et l'Allemagne, 1905-1914| author = Marie-Thérèse Bitsch|publisher = Publications de la Sorbonne|year = 1994| language= fr| pages = 232–3| isbn = 9782859442392| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=T5QLcaWYYN8C}}|group="n"}} The company was established to avoid import tariffs imposed in 1881 in France on goods imported from Belgium.{{citation| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DRnRAAAAMAAJ|title = La croissance économique du pays de Saint-Amand (Nord) 1668-1914| author = René Fruit| publisher = A. Colin| year = 1963| language = fr| at = footnote 161, p.230}}

In 1908 the company merged with and absorbed Société Nicaise et Delcuve (based in La Louvière, Belgium), and was renamed Ateliers du Nord de la France et Nicaise et Delcuve by 1910.

In 1913 the Trust Métallurgique Belge-Français reorganised; the factories in La Louvière, Belgium (the former Nicaise et Delcuve) were combined with other of the Trust Métallurgique Belge-Français interests in Belgian industry (including La Société la Brugeoise) to form La Société La Brugeoise et Nicaise et Delcuve,A forerunner of the Belgian rail vehicle manufacturing company La Brugeoise et Nivelles and the Ateliers du Nord de la France became an entirely French concern.

During World War I the factory was occupied by the Germans, and its material removed to Germany. Post war the factory was rebuilt and its machinery recovered. By 1928 production had reached pre-war levels and employed around 4,000 people. The Great Depression caused a reduction in the workforce to half previous, and a similar decrease in production.{{sfn|d'Ambrières|2011|loc=§3-4}}

In 1934 the company acquired part of the shares of Sambre et Meuse, which became an important manufacturer of cast steel parts for rolling stock (i.e. bogies).{{sfn|d'Ambrières|2011|loc=§5}}

During World War II the main ANF plant at Blanc-Misseron initially produced orders for military use, and was later occupied by the German forces. The plant was a target of Allied bombing in 1944 due to its use in keeping the rail network in occupied territory running.{{sfn|d'Ambrières|2011|loc=§8}}

In 1970 ANF Industrie produced the Turbotrain, a high-speed gas turbine train. It saw limited success due to the oil crisis of the late 1970s, and was overshadowed by the TGV.{{sfn|d'Ambrières|2011|loc=§24-26}}

Between 1986 and 1988, the 425 R68 New York City Subway Cars were manufactured by Westinghouse Amrail Company, a joint venture of Westinghouse and Francorail (itself a joint venture of ANF Industrie, Jeumont Schneider, and Alsthom), with ANF Industrie as leader.Sources:

• {{citation|title=Mass Transit| volume =14|page = 10|year=1987}}
• {{citation| journal = Modern Railroads| volume = 43| issue=12–23|page = 16|year = 1988| title = NYCTA Gets Last Of R68s}}

File:AM96 bogie of RW25T 553762 (20231026083857).jpg 25T coaches by Bombardier-Sifang-Power]]

In 1987 the Francorail industrial association ended, due to the transfer of Schneider group's railway activities to Alsthom; the resultant isolation of ANF within the railway sector led to its acquisition by Bombardier in 1989.{{sfn|d'Ambrières|2011|loc=§30}}{{cite journal| title = Bombardier Transportation - A Global Transportation Leader| url = http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr42/pdf/f17_bom.pdf| journal = Japan Railway & Transport Review| issue = 42| date = December 2005| access-date = 2011-06-29| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110613164538/http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr42/pdf/f17_bom.pdf| archive-date = 2011-06-13| url-status = dead}}

In November 2001 after the acquisition of Adtranz, Bombardier indicated that the plant would be one of three main sites in Europe for bogie manufacture, and a core site for final assembly.{{citation| url = http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bombardier+Sets+Course+for+the+Future+With+New+European...-a080002260| title = Bombardier Sets Course for the Future With New European Passenger-Vehicle Manufacturing Network Strategy| date = 13 November 2001| work = www.thefreelibrary.com| publisher = Business Wire| access-date = 11 February 2012| archive-date = 11 April 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190411095433/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bombardier+Sets+Course+for+the+Future+With+New+European...-a080002260| url-status = dead}} Bombardier has made the plant one of its key production sites with over 2,000 employees (2010), and claims an investment of over €500 million. The site accounts for around one third of French domestic passenger rail production.Sources:

• {{citation|url=http://www.bombardier.com/files/en/supporting_docs/BT-France.pdf |title=Bombardier Transport en France |publisher=Bombardier Transportation |access-date=10 January 2012 |pages=4–6 |language=fr }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
• {{citation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229112742/http://www2.bombardier.com/fr/9_0/pdf/20080328_Fiche_Crespin.pdf |archive-date=29 December 2009 |url=http://www2.bombardier.com/fr/9_0/pdf/20080328_Fiche_Crespin.pdf |language=fr |publisher=Bombardier Transportation |title=Le site de Crespin : la réussite d'un intégrateur ferroviaire |date=June 2008 }}

Following its takeover by Bombardier, the manufacturer has also signed contracts that provide for production at the Crespin site, including: a participation with Alstom in the construction of the MF 01, the so-called Autorail à grande capacité (AGC) trainsets, the Francilien NAT and Regio 2N trainsets.

On 4 December 2020, Bombardier Transportation announces a €25 million investment plan to modernise and increase the production capacity of its Crespin plant, in the presence of Xavier Bertrand, President of the Hauts-de-France region.{{Cite journal|date=2020-12-04|title=Bombardier investit 25 millions d'euros dans son usine de Crespin|url=https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/bombardier-investit-25-millions-d-euros-dans-son-usine-de-crespin.N1036694|language=fr|last1=Nouvelle |first1=L'Usine }}

• La Brugeoise et Nivelles, Belgian rolling stock manufacturer, now part of Bombardier Transportation
• Société Franco-Belge, rolling stock manufacture, now part of Alstom with factory located at Raismes, Valenciennes, France

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• {{citation| journal = Bulletin de la Sabix| volume = 48| year = 2011| first =René | last = d'Ambrières| title = Les Pelabon : entre industrie et patriotisme, ou des ANF aux Mureaux en passant par Londres| language = fr|url =http://sabix.revues.org/1007}}

{{Commons category|ANF Industrie}}

Category:Rolling stock manufacturers of France

Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1882

Category:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1989

Category:Bombardier Transportation

Category:French companies established in 1882

Category:1989 disestablishments in France