Alt-Ergo

{{Short description|SMT solver for software verification}}

{{More citations needed|date=July 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}

{{Infobox software

| name = Alt-Ergo

| logo = Alt-ergo.png

| developer = OCamlPro

| released =

| latest release version =

| latest release date =

| programming language = OCaml

| language = English

| genre = Mathematical solver, program verifier

| website = {{URL|alt-ergo.ocamlpro.com}}

}}

Alt-Ergo, an automatic solver for mathematical formulas, is mainly used in formal program verification. It operates on the principle of satisfiability modulo theories (SMT). Development was undertaken by researchers at the Paris-Sud University, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Inria Saclay Ile-de-France, and CNRS. Since 2013, project management and oversight has been conducted by OCamlPro company.{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://alt-ergo.ocamlpro.com/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=alt-ergo.ocamlpro.com}} It is released under the free and open-source software CeCILL-C license.

Technologies

= Design choices =

Alt-Ergo employs a specialized input language with prenex polymorphism, designed to reduce the number of axioms requiring quantification and to simplify the complexity of problems. While Alt-Ergo offers partial support for the SMT-LIB 2 language, its efficiency with SMT files is comparatively limited.

= Main components =

The core architecture of Alt-Ergo comprises three main elements: a depth-first search (DFS)-based SAT solver, a quantifiers instantiation engine that uses e-matching, and an assembly of decision procedures for a range of built-in theories. These components collectively enable Alt-Ergo's abilities in automatic formula solving.

= Built-in theories =

Alt-Ergo implements (semi-)decision procedures for the following theories:

Industrial uses

Several verification platforms are built on Alt-Ergo:

  • [http://why3.lri.fr/ Why3], a platform for deductive program verification, uses Alt-Ergo as main prover{{Cite web |title=Why3 |url=https://why3.lri.fr/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=why3.lri.fr}}
  • CAVEAT, a C-verifier developed by CEA and used by Airbus; Alt-Ergo was included in the qualification DO-178C of one of its aircraft{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}
  • Frama-C, a framework to analyse C-code, uses Alt-Ergo in the Jessie and WP plugins (dedicated to deductive program verification)
  • SPARK, uses Alt-Ergo (behind GNATprove) to automate the verification of some assertions in Spark 2014
  • Atelier-B can use Alt-Ergo instead of its main prover (raising success from 84% to 98% on [http://alt-ergo.lri.fr/documents/ABZ-2014.pdf ANR Bware project benchmarks])
  • Rodin, a B-method framework developed by Systerel, can use Alt-Ergo as a back-end
  • [http://cubicle.lri.fr/ Cubicle], an open source model checker to verify safety properties of array-based transition systems
  • [https://www.easycrypt.info/ EasyCrypt], a toolset for reasoning about relational properties of probabilistic computations with adversarial code
  • BWARE{{Cite web |title=The Alt-Ergo Theorem Prover: Academic Web Page |url=https://alt-ergo.lri.fr/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=alt-ergo.lri.fr}}
  • Cafein
  • FUI Hi-Lite
  • Decert
  • ADT Alt-Ergo
  • A3PAT

See also

{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}

References

{{Reflist}}