Alwin Bully

Alwin Anthony Bully was born and raised in Roseau, Dominica,{{cite web|url=http://sundominica.com/articles/alwin-bullythe-man-and-his-mission-3924/|title=Alwin Bully-the man and his mission|website=The Sun|location=Dominica|date=2 November 2016|access-date=1 April 2023}} attending the Convent Preparatory School, the Dominica Grammar School, and St. Mary's Academy.{{cite web|url=https://caribbeanbookblog.wordpress.com/2011/06/05/caribbean-cultural-icon-alwin-bully-to-be-honoured-by-uwi/|title=Caribbean Cultural Icon, Alwin Bully to be Honoured By UWI|website=Caribbean Book Blog| date= 5 June 2011|access-date=2 April 2023}} His mother was an active organizer of social and cultural events, and his father had been, at one time, Captain of the Dominica Defense Force.{{cite web|url=https://emagedm.com/profile-alwin-bully-cultural-icon/|title=Profile: Alwin Bully – Cultural|website=eMAGE DM|first=Dionne |last=Durand-Smith|date=11 October 2021|access-date=2 April 2023}}

Bully recalled in a 2021 interview how his love of playwriting and storytelling came about through early exposure to traditional carnival culture on the city streets and listening to village stories about Soukouyan and Ladjablès: "At Giraudel in particular, the story tellers of the village would come at night and tell us folk tales that had survived the long and dreadful journey from Africa to the Caribbean. These stories had elaborate plots and interesting characters. Further, they always included music and songs and voila I was hooked." He additionally drew inspiration from his parents' interest in Dominica's historical traditions, as well as from the likes of his folklorist cousin Mabel "Cissie" Caudeiron and poet Ralph Casimir.

Bully represented Dominica at the 1965 Commonwealth Arts Festival in Britain, together with members of the Kairi and Dominica Dance troupes. In 1967, Bully went to Barbados to study for a BA Honours degree, majoring in English and French, at the University of the West Indies (UWI) Cave Hill campus,{{cite magazine|url=https://www.thedominican.net/articles/bully.htm|title=Alwin Bully Treats Theatre with Respect|website=thedominican.net|volume=1|issue=40 |date=2 April 2003|access-date=3 April 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://sta.uwi.edu/news/releases/release.asp?id=818|title=Regional University names twenty Honorary Graduands|author=Press release|website=Campus News|publisher=UWI, St. Augustine|date=26 May 2011|access-date=3 April 2023}} where he established a drama society. Early plays he wrote include Good Morning Miss Millie, which was staged extensively throughout the Caribbean and was published by Penguin and McMillan Caribbean.

From 1972 to 1978, Bully was a teacher and acting principal at the Dominica Grammar School. Also a creative artist and Carnival costume designer, Bully designed the original flag of Dominica in early 1978 as the country prepared for independence.{{cite news |title=Today is Flag Day in Dominica |url=http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/culture/today-is-flag-day-in-dominica/ |work=Dominica News Online |date=19 October 2011 |access-date=1 April 2023 |archive-date=19 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219035459/http://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/culture/today-is-flag-day-in-dominica/ |url-status=dead }} He said of his design, which has as its centrepiece an image of the sisserou parrot: "I wanted each and every citizen to embrace the symbols, the forests, the land, the rivers and mountains and the wildlife we were blessed with....Of greatest importance to me is the circle with ten stars of the same size, signifying the equality of our ten parishes and every Dominican citizen in these parishes."

In 1978, Bully was invited by then Education Minister, H. L. Christian, to establish a "cultural desk" in the Ministry of Education that eventually developed into a Department of Culture,{{cite web|url=https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/educationyouth/alwin-bully-to-be-awarded-doctorate-of-letters-by-uwi/|title=Alwin Bully to be awarded Doctorate of Letters by UWI|website=Dominica News Online|date=14 May 2011|access-date=3 April 2023}} with Bully becoming Dominica's first Chief Cultural Officer and serving in that position until 1986. Setting out to build a greater sense of cultural identity among Dominicans, he was joined by such others as Pearle Christian.{{cite web|url=https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/tribute-to-alwin-bully/|title=Tribute to Alwin Bully|website=Dominica News Online|first=Pearle|last=Christian|date=15 March 2023|access-date=4 April 2023}} The national recognition he received included the Sisserou Award of Honor in 1985 from the Government of Dominica for his design of the Dominica flag.

He subsequently worked for 20 years in Jamaica for UNESCO as the Caribbean's Cultural Advisor, helping CARICOM states to develop their cultural programmes and policies,{{cite web|author= Office of the Prime Minister|url=https://www.dom767.com/news/official-funeral-for-dr-alwin-anthony-bully-wednesday-april-5-2023/|title=Government Press Release {{!}} Official Funeral for Dr. Alwin Anthony Bully: Wednesday, April 5, 2023|date=27 March 2023|website=dom767.com|access-date=1 April 2023}} and he also chaired the CARIFESTA Interim Festival Directorate, before returning to Dominica in 2008.{{cite web|url=https://www.papillotepress.co.uk/alwinbully/|title=Alwin Bully|date=22 September 2021 |publisher=Papillote Press|access-date=1 April 2023}}

While in Jamaica, Bully managed the production of UNESCO's six-volume History of the Caribbean.{{cite web|url=https://archive.stlucia.gov.lc/pr1998/finally_-_authentic_caribbean_history_books.htm|title=Finally - Authentic Caribbean History Books|first=Janelle|last=Charles|website=Saint Lucia Government Information Service|date=18 August 1998|access-date=1 April 2023}}

His own creative writing included full-length plays, radio serials, screenplays and short stories. From the 1970s, his influence as a playwright led to the growth of theatre in Dominica and the establishment, with his cousin Daniel Caudeiron, of the Little Theatre Movement, later renamed the People's Action Theatre,{{cite news|url=https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/entertainment/20140822/bully-sees-theatre-change|title=Bully sees theatre change|newspaper=Jamaica Gleaner|date=22 August 2014|access-date=2 April 2023}} of which he was artistic director. He adapted G.C.H. Thomas's novel Ruler in Hiroona, as the stage play The Ruler, which in 1976 toured in Barbados and St. Vincent with the People's Action Theatre of Dominica.{{cite web|url=https://meap.library.ucla.edu/about/news/exploring-caribbean-history-through-the-barbardos-ephemera-collection/|title=Exploring Caribbean History through the Barbardos Ephemera Collection|website=UCLA Library|date=8 August 2022|access-date=12 April 2023}} He composed more than 50 songs, used in the many plays he directed in a style that he referred to as calypso theatre, with his theatrical work earning him a long list of awards.

In 2010, he played the lead role in the film A Hand Full of Dirt, which premiered that year at the Trinidad and Tobago Film Festival.{{cite web|url=https://repeatingislands.com/2011/05/20/dominican-premiere-of-award-winning-caribbean-film-today/|title=Dominican Premiere of Award Winning Caribbean Film Today|website=Repeating Islands|date=20 May 2011|access-date=3 April 2023}}[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1934169/ "A Hand Full of Dirt"] at IMDb.

Bully initiated and chaired the Nature Island Literary Festival and Book Fair, launched in 2008 and held annually until 2017.{{cite web|url=https://www.domnitjen.com/articles/activities/events/nilf/nilf-2008/bookfair.html|date=August 2008|first=Dorothy|last=Leevy|title=Dominica's Literary Festival|access-date=2 April 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/general/innovative-look-to-nature-island-literary-festival-and-book-fair/|title=Innovative look to Nature Island Literary Festival and Book Fair|website=Dominica News Online|date=3 August 2010|access-date=2 April 2023}}{{cite web|url=http://news.gov.dm/news/850-nature-island-literary-festival-and-book-fair-august-9th-to-11th|title=Nature Island Literary Festival and Book Fair – August 9th to 11th|website=Government Information Service|access-date=2 April 2023}}

His last book, a collection entitled The Cocoa Dancer and Other Stories, was published by Papillote Press in 2021.{{cite book|url=https://www.papillotepress.co.uk/the-cocoa-dancer/|title=The Cocoa Dancer|publisher=Papillote Press|date=2021|isbn=9781838041564|access-date=1 April 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/renowned-dominican-writer-alwin-bully-launches-new-book-of-short-stories/|title=Renowned Dominican writer Alwin Bully launches new book of short stories|website=Dominica News Online|date=10 December 2021}}

In November 2022, Bully's 74th birthday was celebrated with a presentation by historian Lennox Honychurch entitled "The Sternest Passion: Alwin Bully & the Caribbean Cultural Renaissance".{{cite web|url=https://www.dom767.com/news/alwin-bully-cultural-icon-to-be-celebrated-on-his-74th-birthday/|title=Alwin Bully, cultural icon, to be celebrated on his 74th birthday|website=dom767.com|publisher=UWI Open Campus|date=23 November 2022}}

Honor Ford-Smith, Professor Emerita at York University, writes: "[H]e transformed Caribbean theatre from colonial amateur theatrics to a place where the complexities of imagined community and nation can be envisioned and enacted. For him, as for his generation of artists, performance was a place of entertainment AND a public space for teaching and learning. ... His plays combined popular realism, topicality, comedy, romance, politics and music as tactics for opening access to the stage and creating work that would appeal to everyone."{{cite news|url=https://www.stabroeknews.com/2023/03/27/features/in-the-diaspora/the-remarkable-alwin-bully/|title=The Remarkable Alwin Bully|newspaper=Stabroek News|first=Honor|last=Ford-Smith|date=27 March 2023|access-date=2 April 2023}}

Paying tribute to Bully, alongside Jah Shaka, who died in April 2023, Global Voices stated: "Both were enormously influential in their respective spheres, breaking new ground. Both had a strong sense of community. Both were closely connected to their roots, and both — Dominican playwright Alwin Bully and Jamaican dub pioneer Jah Shaka — who passed away recently, were quintessentially Caribbean."{{cite web|url=https://globalvoices.org/2023/04/16/remembering-alwin-bully-and-jah-shaka-two-caribbean-pioneers-with-distinctly-personal-styles-and-a-humble-approach/|title=Remembering Alwin Bully and Jah Shaka, two Caribbean pioneers with distinctly personal styles and a humble approach|first=Emma|last=Lewis|website=Global Voices|date=16 April 2023|access-date=27 April 2023}}

Alwin Bully died on 10 March 2023, at the age of 74. He had been suffering from Parkinson's disease.{{cite web|url=https://news.gov.dm/news/5595-government-to-honour-the-late-dr-alwin-bully-with-an-official-funeral|title=Government to honour the late Dr. Alwin Bully with an official funeral|publisher=Government Information Service|access-date=1 April 2023}}

Dominican Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit announced that Bully would be accorded an official funeral in recognition of his national contribution and that flags would be flown at half-mast for two days to honour him{{cite web|url=https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/dominicas-cultural-icon-alwin-bully-receive-official-funeral|title=Dominica's cultural icon Alwin Bully to receive official funeral|website=Loop News|date=15 March 2023|access-date=1 April 2023}} (on 5 April, the day of his funeral, and on the preceding day). Skerrit stated: "His legacy is all around us, in the National Flag he designed in 1978 as Dominica gained its Independence from Great Britain. ...incorporat[ing] aspects of Dominica's natural features, and the spirit character and values of our people"; the Prime Minister also lauded Bully for "the many national organisations he spearheaded, including the National Cultural Council, the Dominica Artists' Guild, the Writers' Guild, the Carnival Organising Committee and the Komité Pou Etid Kwéyòl" as well as for "the mentorship he provided to young playwrights, actors, directors, writers, costume designers and other creatives, who now proudly speak of the influence he had on their lives and work."

The funeral took place at Roseau Catholic Chapel on 5 April 2023.{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aj6b6fwa9Pk|title=The Funeral Service of Dr. Alwin Bully|publisher=DBS Radio|website=YouTube|date=5 April 2023}} Prime Minister Skerrit said in the wake of the ceremony for Bully: "His memory lives on."{{cite web|url=https://plevnapatriot.com/world/49724/dominica-pm-roosevelt-skerrit-pays-tribute-to-alwin-anthony-bully/|title=Dominica: PM Roosevelt Skerrit pays tribute to Alwin Anthony Bully|first=Viktor|last=Georgiev|date=6 April 2023|access-date=12 April 2023}}

Born to Charles and Edna Bully, Alwin as a child lived on King George V Street, Roseau. In 1977, he married Anita (nee Astaphan), and the couple had three children: Peron (deceased), Brent and Sade Bully.{{cite web|url=https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/dr-alwin-bully-a-life-in-prolific-color/|title=Dr. Alwin Bully – A life in prolific color|first=Malaika|last=Durand|date=20 March 2023|access-date=3 April 2023}}

• 1978: Honoured as Man of the year by The Chronicle national newspaper.
• 1985: Sisserou Award of Honour from the Government of Dominica.{{cite web |title=National Service Awards Register |url=https://dominica.gov.dm/government-publications/national-service-awards/254-national-service-awards-register |website=Government of Dominica Web Portal |access-date=1 April 2023}}
• 2007: Life-time Achievement Cacique Award from The National Drama Association of Trinidad and Tobago
• 2008: University of the West Indies (UWI) Alumni Award for Excellence
• 2011: Honorary Doctorate of Letters (DLIT) from the UWI Open Campus, Antigua.{{Cite news|url = https://newspaperarchive.com/jm/kingston/kingston/kingston-gleaner/2011/12-06/page-17?tag=pearlette+louisy&rtserp=tags/?pep=pearlette-louisy |title = Dame Pearlette Louisy, Alwin Bully to Receive UWI Open Campus Honorary Doctorates |date = 6 December 2011|work = Kingston Gleaner|access-date = 1 April 2023|via = Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription }}
• 2021: "QDOS" National Award for Lifetime Achievement in Arts, Theatre and Culture.{{cite web|url=http://www.q95da.com/news/author-artist-actor-playwright-producer-and-cultural-administrator-dr-alwin-anthony-bully-received-q95s-prestigious-qdos-to-our-heros-national-award-august-30-2021|title=Author, Artist, Actor, Playwright Producer and Cultural Administrator, Dr Alwin Anthony Bully received Q95's Prestigious 'QDOS to Our Heros' National Award', August 30, 2021|website=Q95FM|date=1 September 2021|access-date=2 April 2022}}
• 2022: Lifetime Achievement Award from the Earl Warner Trust "in recognition of his outstanding achievement in the Performing Arts and his ongoing advocacy for the Caribbean cultural expressions."{{cite web|url=https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/homepage-carousel/dr-alwin-bully-receives-another-prestigious-award-for-contribution-to-the-arts/|title=Dr Alwin Bully receives another prestigious award for contribution to the Arts|website=Dominica News Online|date=27 October 2022|access-date=2 April 2023}}

• Good Morning Miss Millie (play), Penguin Books and Macmillan Caribbean, 1968.
• A Dance in the Dark (radio play), BBC, 1980.
• J.D., D-J : a one act play for secondary schools, UNDP/UNESCO/AGFUND Multi-Island Project CAR/83/001, 1984.
• Oseyi and the Masqueraders
• Champions of the Gayelle: A Collection of Plays (collection of three plays by Alwin Bully, Zeno Constance and Pat Cumper), Macmillan Caribbean, 2002.
• The Ruler (stage adaptation of novel Ruler in Hiroona by G. C. H. Thomas), France: L'Autre Souffle Company, 2017.
• The Cocoa Dancer and Other Stories (short stories), Papillote Press, 2021, {{ISBN|9781838041564}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

• Alexander Street, [https://search.alexanderstreet.com/preview/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cvideo_work%7C3267337 "Interview with Alwyn Bully"], produced by Banyan Archive (Banyan Archive, 1986).
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSuaehdScXQ "A Birthday Tribute To Dr. Alwin Bully"], DBS Radio, 23 November 2022.
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7W0fstWCLaQ "Remembering National Hero Alwin Bully: Teacher, Scholar, Artist, Designer of Dominica's Flag"] (YouTube video).
• [https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/dr-alwin-bully-artist-educator-social-engineer-national-hero/ "Dr. Alwin Bully – Artist, Educator, Social Engineer & National Hero"], Dominica News Online, 2 April 2023.
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oC1CxBisWLU "Dr Alwin Bully Tribute"], 6 April 2023.

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Category:1948 births

Category:2023 deaths

Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights

Category:21st-century American dramatists and playwrights

Category:Dominica artists

Category:Dominica male writers

Category:Flag designers

Category:People from Roseau

Category:University of the West Indies alumni