Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of Yarmouth
{{Short description|Mistress of George II (1704–1765)}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox person
|honorific-prefix= The Right Honourable
| name = The Countess of Yarmouth
| image = Amalie Sophie von Wallmoden (1).JPG
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Portrait of Amalie Sophie Marianne von Wallmoden, ca. 1745
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1704|4|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = Hanover
| death_date = 19 or 20 October 1765 (aged 61)
| death_place = Hanover
| known_for = Royal mistress
|citizenship = Hanoverian, British
| nationality = German
| spouse = {{marriage|Gottlieb Adam von Wallmoden |1727|1739}}
| children = Franz Ernst von Wallmoden
Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn}}
Amalie Sophie Marianne von Wallmoden-Gimborn, Countess of Yarmouth, born Amalie von Wendt (1 April 1704 – 19 or 20 October 1765) was the principal mistress of King George II from the mid-1730s until his death in 1760. Born into a prominent family in the Electorate of Hanover, and married into another, in 1740 she became a naturalised subject of Great Britain and was granted a peerage for life, with the title of "Countess of Yarmouth", becoming the last royal mistress to be so honoured. She remained in England until the death in 1760 of King George II, who is believed to have fathered her second son, Johann Ludwig, Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn. She returned to Hanover for the rest of her life, surviving the king for nearly five years.
Biography
She was born Amalie Sophie Marianne von Wendt on 1 April 1704, the daughter of Hanoverian General Johann Franz Dietrich von Wendt (1675-1748) and his wife, Friderike Charlotte von dem Bussche-Ippenburg (1684-1762).{{sfn|Rigg|1899}} Her aunt was Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal. She entered into the House of Wallmoden in 1727 with her marriage to Count Gottlieb Adam von Wallmoden-Gimborn (1704-1752), son of Count Ludwig Achaz von Wallmoden-Gimborn (d. 1730) and his wife, Anna Elisabeth von Heimburg (1697-1738). Together, they had one son, Count Franz Ernst von Wallmoden (1728-1776).{{sfn|Rigg|1899}} She was described in 1738 in a letter to Charles, Viscount Townshend as being a brunette with "fine black eyes", "very well shaped, not tall, nor low; has no fine features, but very agreeable in the main."
George II was first attracted to the Countess Wallmoden in 1735, during a visit to Hanover, where she lived with her husband.{{cite book | last = Beauclerk-Dewarre | first = Peter |author2=Roger Powell | title = Right Royal Bastards: The Fruits of Passion | publisher = Burke's Peerage & Gentry | year = 2006 | isbn = 0-9711966-8-0 | page = 79}} In 1736, she bore a son, called Johann Ludwig Graf von Wallmoden-Gimborn, said to be the unacknowledged illegitimate child of the king.{{cite book | last = Schade | first = Richard E. |author2=Herbert Rowland | title = Lessing Yearbook: 1999 | publisher = Wayne State University Press | year = 2000 | isbn = 0-8143-2930-6 | page = 257 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zKL-77pit0UC&q=Amalie+von+Wallmoden&pg=PA257}}As the Countess Wallmoden was not yet separated from her husband at the time of this birth, the king's paternity has been challenged. Cf. DNB article. By 1738, George II's visits to Hanover to see his mistress were so numerous as to invite satire by Samuel Johnson in the poem "London".{{cite book | last = Greene | first = Donald | title = Samuel Johnson: The Major Works | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2000 | isbn = 0-19-284042-8 | page = 793 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mohppY_OHe0C&q=%22Amalie+von+Wallmoden%22&pg=PA793}}{{cite web | title = Samuel Johnson (1709–84) London: A Poem in Imitation of the Third Satire of Juvenal (1738) | publisher = Cardiff University | access-date = 2008-10-28 | url = http://www.cf.ac.uk/encap/skilton/poetry/johns01.html#n05 | quote = Scarce can our fields, such crowds at Tyburn die, / With hemp the gallows and the fleet supply. / Propose your schemes, ye senatorian band! / Whose ways and means support the sinking land, / Lest ropes be wanting in the tempting spring / To rig another convoy for the king.}} The king ended the necessity of those visits after the death of his wife Caroline of Ansbach in November 1737, sending for the Countess Wallmoden to join him in England,{{cite book | last = Greene | first = Donald | title = The Age of Exuberance: Backgrounds to Eighteenth-century English Literature | publisher = Random House | year = 1970 | page = 20 | isbn = 9780394306384 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVJ2AAAAIAAJ&q=Amalie+von+Wallmoden}} but it did not put an end to Johnson's disapproval. In 1739, Johnson wrote scathingly of the king's relationship with Wallmoden, "his tortured sons shall die before his face / While he lies melting in a lewd embrace".{{cite book | last = Rudd | first = Niall | title = The Latin Poems: The Latin Poems | publisher = Bucknell University Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-8387-5612-3 | page = 39 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2pR4AAAAIAAJ&q=Amalie+von+Wallmoden | quote = The "lewd embrace" alludes to George II's liaison with Amelie von Wallmoden}}See also {{cite book | last = Johnson | first = Samuel | chapter = Marmor Norfolciense | title = The works of Samuel Johnson | publisher = Oxford University | year = 1823 | pages = 3–33 | chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=LfaYyI_GUQsC&q=%22while+he+lies+melting+in+a+lewd+embrace%22&pg=PA3}}
In 1739, Amalie von Wallmoden divorced her husband.{{sfn|Rigg|1899}} In 1740, she was naturalised and given the non-heritable title of Countess of Yarmouth,{{cite book | last = Clark | first = J.C.D. | title = The Memoirs and Speeches of James, 2nd Earl Waldegrave 1742-1763 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X8GrL_g9enMC&q=Amalie+von+Wallmoden&pg=PA159 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-521-52689-2 | page = 159}} the last royal mistress to be so honoured. She was officially designated Amalie Sophie von Wallmoden to obscure the question of her marital status. Robert Walpole indicated that her primary focus was on pleasing the king, although she was also said to be interested in the bestowing of peerages, reputedly playing a part in the creation of a Barony for Stephen Fox-Strangways in 1741 and in the newly created title of Viscount Folkestone for Jacob des Bouverie in 1747.
After the death of the king on 25 October 1760, Amalie von Wallmoden returned to Hanover.{{cite book | last = Arnold-Baker | first = Charles | title = The Companion to British History |publisher = Routledge | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-415-26016-7 | page = 1284 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VNAMjuMw_5kC&q=Amalie+von+Wallmoden&pg=PA1284}} She died on 19 or 20 October 1765 from breast cancer, aged 61.[http://www.oxforddnb.com/templates/article.jsp?articleid=28579&back=&version=2004-09 Profile], oxforddnb.com; accessed 30 April 2014.{{sfn|Rigg|1899}}{{cite book | last = Cokayne | first = George Edward | title = Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant |volume=8, U-Z | publisher = G. Bell & Sons | year = 1898 | page = 211 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6K8KAAAAYAAJ&q=Amalie+von+Wallmoden&pg=PA211}}
Notes
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;Attribution
{{cite DNB|wstitle=Wallmoden, Amalie Sophie Marianne|first=James McMullen |last=Rigg|volume=59 |pages=149-150}}
{{commons category|Amalie Sophie von Wallmoden}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Yarmouth, Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of}}
Category:Mistresses of George II of Great Britain
Category:Life peers created by George II