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Amanda Junquera Butler

{{short description|Spanish writer}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}

{{family name hatnote|Junquera|Butler|lang=Spanish}}

{{Infobox person

| name = Amanda Junquera Butler

| image = Carmen_Conde_and_Amanda_Junquera,_1940.jpg

| alt =

| caption = Conde (right) and Junquera (left) ,1940

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1898|10|19|df=y}}

| birth_place = Madrid, Spain

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1986|12|27|1898|10|19|df=y}}

| death_place = Madrid, Spain

| nationality = Spanish

| other_names = Isabel de Ambía, Amanda Junquera, Amanda Alcázar-Junquera

| occupation = writer

| years_active = 1941–1961

| spouse = {{ill|Cayetano Alcázar Molina|es}}

| partner = Carmen Conde Abellán

| notable_works =

}}

Amanda Junquera Butler (19 October 1898 – 27 December 1986) was a Spanish writer. Raised in Madrid, she attended university during the Spanish Civil War at the University of Valencia. Junquera was a noted translator, chronicler, and short story writer in the mid-20th century, whose works and impact received new interest in the 21st century with republishing of some of her works and scholarship on her life.

Early life

Amanda Junquera Butler was born on 19 October 1898 in Madrid{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}} to Emilia Butler and Tomás Junquera de Basañez. She grew up in Madrid along with her five siblings, Isabel, María Luisa, Emilia, María Teresa, and Tomás.{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}{{sfn|El Imparcial|1923|p=5}} She enjoyed reading and from a young age, traveled widely and studied music and literature.{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}} In July 1928, at the Santa Bárbara Parish Church of Madrid, she married the academic and dean of the Faculty of Arts for the University of Murcia, {{ill|Cayetano Alcázar Molina|es}}. Junquera continued traveling widely after her marriage, moving as was required for Alcázar's career.{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}

Career

In 1936, at a reception for the opening of the {{ill|Universidad Popular de Cartagena|es}} in the Murcia Region of Spain, Junquera met the writer Carmen Conde Abellán, who had been active in getting the university established.{{sfn|Sibbald|2010|pp=207, 209}} Conde was the wife of poet, Antonio Oliver Belmás and would become the first woman admitted into the Royal Spanish Academy.{{sfn|Sibbald|2010|pp=206–207}} The two women had an immediate affinity for each other and began exchanging books and letters.{{sfn|Sibbald|2010|p=209}} Within a month of their meeting, Conde was dedicating poems to Junquera, which explicitly described her desire for engaging with Amanda using all of her senses and alluding to Katherine Mansfield in language widely known as lesbian coding in the period.{{sfn|Sibbald|2010|p=210}} Just over a year after meeting, in June 1937, the two women planned a holiday together, without their husbands, at Penyal d'Ifac Natural Park in Valencia, where they became lovers.{{sfn|Sibbald|2010|p=211}}

During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) the women cemented their relationship, as their husbands were away and they were able to continue to meet and correspond.{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}} Because of {{ill|Law on Vagrants and Criminals|lt=Spanish law|es|Ley de vagos y maleantes}} and social custom, the two women were not allowed to divorce or acknowledge their sexuality, which created the need to publicly hide their situation.{{sfn|Sibbald|2010|pp=214–215}} Both husbands had volunteered to serve in the Spanish Republican Army and both served in Baza, Granada.{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}{{sfn|Prieto de Paula|2007}}{{sfn|Conde|2009|p=19}} Conde's husband, Oliver, was captured and imprisoned, while Junquera's husband, Alcázar, was transferred to the University of Valencia, and would become Director-General of Universities under Francisco Franco's dictatorship.{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}{{sfn|Conde|2009|p=20}} Junquera enrolled in classes at the University of Valencia, when she returned from her holiday at Peñón de Ifach. Among her classmates were {{ill|Josefina Escolano Sopena|es}} and Concha Zardoya.{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}

At the end of the war, authorities marked Conde for arrest because she was a pro-Republican intellectual.{{sfn|Andrews|2016|p=40}} Junquera helped her escape from Valencia and they moved into the home of Junquera's sister in Madrid.{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}{{sfn|Andrews|2016|p=41}} For a year, they lived with the sister, where Conde hid in a bedroom. In 1940, the women moved to San Lorenzo de El Escorial{{sfn|Andrews|2016|p=41}} and then in 1942, Alcázar joined them in Madrid. He and Junquera rented #5 Calle Velintonia from poet, Vicente Aleixandre, which would be the home for the three of them off and on for the next four decades.{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2012|p=132}} It was in the early 1940s, that Junquera began to publish, using the pseudonym Isabel de Ambía. She wrote essays, chronicles, literary critiques, and short stories which were mainly published in magazines like Cuadernos de Literatura Contemporánea (Contemporary Literature Notes), Destino de Barcelona (Destiny Barcelona), El Español (The Spanish), and Hispania.{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}

From 1942, Junquera translated literary works of English, French, and Italian writers into Spanish. These included works by {{ill|Adriano Augusto Michieli|qid=Q61480636}}, Marcel Pagnol, Anna Maria Speckel, Alejandro Tassoni Estense, and William Thomas Walsh, among others.{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}} {{ill|Joaquín de Entrambasaguas|es}} praised her translations of Micheli and Tassoni in a 1944 review in Cuadernos de Literatura Contemporánea,{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}} and her translation of Walsh was republished in both 1953 and 1963.{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}} She also published stories throughout the 1940s.{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}} In 1947, Junquera published her only book, Un hueco en la luz (A Hollow in the Light).{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}

When Oliver was finally released from prison,{{sfn|Andrews|2016|p=42}} he and Conde agreed to remain married in name only.{{sfn|Sibbald|2010|p=215}} Oliver was required to live in isolation in Murcia,{{sfn|Andrews|2016|p=42}}{{sfn|Sánchez Gil|2002}} but Conde returned to El Escorial, where she could be with Junquera. When Conde was accused of political offenses, Junquera and Alcázar used their influence to help her get the charges dismissed.{{sfn|Sánchez Gil|2002}} Suffering from a heart condition, Oliver was allowed to return to Madrid in 1945{{sfn|Andrews|2016|p=42}} and Conde ostensibly lived with him and his mother in a separate apartment.{{sfn|Prieto de Paula|2007}}{{sfn|García Cárcel|2019}} The two couples remained close, often vacationing together in spite of the complicated relationships.{{sfn|Sibbald|2010|p=215}} Junquera's husband died in 1958 and she and Conde remained constant companions. When Oliver died in 1968, Conde permanently moved into Junquera's home.{{sfn|Prieto de Paula|2007}}{{sfn|García Cárcel|2019}}

Death and legacy

Junquera died on 27 December 1986 in Madrid and she was buried in the cemetery in Torrelodones.{{sfn|ABC|1987|p=77}} Though she was often overshadowed by their fame, both Conde and Alcázar dedicated multiple works to her in recognition of her significance in their own literary productions.{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}} Revived interest in her works began in the 21st century and her biography was included in volume 2 of the Indice Biográfico de España, Portugal e Iberoamérica (Biographical Indices of Spain, Portugal and Latin America, Walter de Gruyter, 2000). Several of her translations also were republished in 2000 and 2001.{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}} In 2007, José Luis Ferris published Carmen Conde: vida, pasión y verso de una escritora olvidada (Carmen Conde: Life, Passion and Verse of a Forgotten Writer), which chronicled the relationship of Conde and Junquera publicly.{{sfn|Diario Información|2007}}

Selected works

=Stories=

  • {{cite journal |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |title=El espejo a lo largo del camino y Un ahogado en el Sena |journal=El Español |date=1943 |volume=1 |issue=17 |page=7 |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Mirror along the Way and A Drowned Man in the Seine |publisher=Impreso en "Afrodisio Aguado", S.A. |location=Madrid |issn=9949-3705}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}
  • {{cite journal |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |title=En presencia de la primavera |journal=El Español |date=1943 |volume=1 |issue=26 |page=7 |language=Spanish |trans-title=In the Presence of Spring |publisher=Impreso en "Afrodisio Aguado", S.A. |location=Madrid |issn=9949-3705}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}
  • {{cite journal |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |title=Otoño en El Escorial y La casita de arriba, mansión destrozada de la música |journal=El Español |date=1943 |volume=1 |issue=56 |page=16 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Autumn in El Escorial and The Little House Upstairs: a Mangled Mansion of Music |publisher=Impreso en "Afrodisio Aguado", S.A. |location=Madrid |issn=9949-3705}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}
  • {{cite book |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |editor-last1=Romo |editor-first1=Josefina |title=Cuentistas españoles de hoy |date=1944 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Spanish Storytellers Today |publisher=Editorial Febo |location=Madrid |chapter=En reclusión [In Seclusion] |pages=29–36 |oclc=230699784}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}
  • {{cite book |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |title=Un hueco en la luz |date=1947 |language=Spanish |trans-title=A Hole in the Light |publisher=Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas |location=Madrid |oclc=3694325}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}
  • {{cite journal |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |title=Bodas de plata |journal=Ínsula |date=1949 |issue=42 |page=7 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Silver Weddings |publisher=Artes Gráficas Benzal |location=Madrid |issn=0020-4536}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}
  • {{cite journal |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |title=Por el sueño |journal=Revista de literatura |date=1952 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=107–113 |language=Spanish |trans-title=By the Dream |publisher=Consejo Superior Investigacion Cientificas |location=Madrid |issn=0034-849X}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}

=Essays=

  • {{cite journal |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |title=El capitán Garcilaso de la Vega |journal=Hispania |date=1941 |issue=4 |pages=114–115 |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Captain Garcilaso de la Vega |publisher=Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas |location=Madrid |issn=0018-2141}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}
  • {{cite journal |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |last2=Behn |first2=Irene |title=La obra de Concha Espina |journal=Cuadernos de Literatura Contemporánea |date=1942 |issue=1 |pages=7–22 |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Work of Concha Espina |publisher=Instituto Antonio de Nebrija |location=Madrid |issn=0210-9158 |oclc=432377286}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}
  • {{cite journal |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |title=Don Ramón del Valle Inclán en Roma |journal=Cuadernos de Literatura Contemporánea |date=1942 |issue=3–4 |pages=151–154 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Don Ramón del Valle Inclán in Rome |publisher=Instituto Antonio de Nebrija |location=Madrid |issn=0210-9158}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}
  • {{cite journal |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |title=Junto a Gabriel Miró |journal=Cuadernos de Literatura Contemporánea |date=1942 |issue=5–6 |pages=226–228 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Together with Gabriel Miró |publisher=Instituto Antonio de Nebrija |location=Madrid |issn=0210-9158}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}
  • {{cite journal |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |title=Magia en la vida y en la obra de don Ramón Maria del Valle Inclán |journal=Cuadernos de Literatura Contemporánea |date=1946 |issue=18 |pages=479–484 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Magic in the Life and Work of Don Ramón Maria del Valle Inclán |publisher=Instituto Antonio de Nebrija |location=Madrid |issn=0210-9158 |oclc=65360914}}{{sfn|Díez Ménguez|2018}}{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}
  • {{cite book |ref=none |last1=de Ambía |first1=Isabel |title=Gabriela Mistral, Premio Nobel |date=1946 |publisher=Talleres de Blass |location=Madrid |language=Spanish |trans-title=Gabriela Mistral, Nobel Prize |chapter=Homenaje a Gabriela Mistral [Homage to Gabriela Mistral] |oclc=561210598}}{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}

=Translations=

  • {{cite book |ref=none |last1=Speckel |first1=Anna Maria |translator-last1=de Ambía |translator-first1=Isabel |title=Mediterráneo báltico |date=1942 |publisher=Espasa-Calpe |location=Madrid |language=Spanish |trans-title=Baltic Mediterranean |oclc=805689263}}{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}
  • {{cite book |ref=none |last1=Tassoni Estense |first1=Alejandro |translator-last1=de Ambía |translator-first1=Isabel |title=Eugenio de Saboya |date=1943 |publisher=Espasa-Calpe |location=Madrid |language=Spanish |trans-title=Eugene of Savoy |oclc=807135238}}{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}
  • {{cite book |ref=none |last1=Bo |first1=Carlo |last2=Alfaro |first2=José María (forward) |translator-last1=de Ambía |translator-first1=Isabel |title=La poesía de Juan Ramón Jiménez |date=1943 |publisher=Editorial Hispánica |location=Madrid |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Poetry of Juan Ramón Jiménez |oclc=914501340}}{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}
  • {{cite book |ref=none |last1=Michieli |first1=Adriano Augusto |translator-last1=de Ambía |translator-first1=Isabel |title=El Duque de los Abruzzos y sus empresas |date=1943 |publisher=Espasa-Calpe |location=Madrid |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Duke of Abruzzos and his Companies |oclc=801971539}}{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}
  • {{cite book |ref=none |last1=Walsh |first1=William Thomas |translator-last1=de Ambía |translator-first1=Isabel |title=Personajes de la Inquisición |date=1948 |publisher=Espasa-Calpe |location=Madrid |language=Spanish |trans-title=Characters of the Inquisition |oclc=752850134}}{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}
  • {{cite book |ref=none |last1=Pagnol |first1=Marcel |authorlink1=Marcel Pagnol |translator-last1=de Ambía |translator-first1=Isabel |title=La edad de los secretos |date=1963 |publisher=Juventud |location=Barcelona |language=Spanish |trans-title=The Age of Secrets |oclc=433602554}}{{sfn|Díez de Revenga|2013}}

References

=Citations=

{{Reflist|30em}}

=Bibliography=

{{Refbegin|30em}}

  • {{cite book |last=Andrews |first=Jean |editor-last1=Bragança |editor-first1=Manuel |editor-last2=Tame |editor-first2=Peter |title=The Long Aftermath: Cultural Legacies of Europe at War, 1936–2016 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lBDJCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA40 |date=2016 |publisher=Berghahn Books |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-1-78238-154-9 |chapter=Poetry and Silence in Post-Civil-War Spain: Carmen Conde, Lucía Sánchez Saornil, and Pilar de Valderrama |pages=40–59}}
  • {{cite book |last=Conde |first=Carmen |editor-last1=Andrews |editor-first1=Jean |title=Mientras Los Hombres Mueren: Carmen Conde |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_L8qAQAAIAAJ|date=2009 |publisher=Manchester University Press |location=Manchester, UK |isbn=978-0-7190-7752-4}}
  • {{cite book |last=Díez de Revenga |first=Francisco Javier |editor-last1=Vauthier |editor-first1=Bénédicte |editor-last2=Gamba Corradine |editor-first2=Jimena |title=Crítica genética y edición de manuscritos hispánicos contemporáneos: aportaciones a una "poética de transición entre estados" |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dn7vei08rFAC&pg=PA132 |edition=1st |date=2012 |publisher=Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca |location=Salamanca, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Genetic Criticism and Editions of Contemporary Hispanic Manuscripts: Contributions to a "Poetic Transition between States" |isbn=978-84-9012-073-6 |chapter=Gestión de un patrimonio literario: manuscritos, epistolario, documentos personales, ediciones (El legado de Carmen Conde) [Management of a Literary Heritage: Manuscripts, Letters, Personal Documents, Works (The Legacy of Carmen Conde)] |pages=129–146 }}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Díez de Revenga |first1=Francisco Javier |title=Perfiles: Cayetano Alcázar Molina, historiador riguroso y universitario constante |journal=Tonos Digital |date=January 2013 |issue=24 |url=http://www.um.es/tonosdigital/znum24/secciones/perfiles-cayetano_alcazar_molina.htm |accessdate=6 June 2020 |trans-title=Profiles: Cayetano Alcázar Molina, Rigorous Historian and Constant Academic |publisher=Universidad de Murcia |location=Murcia, Spain |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305030225/http://www.um.es/tonosdigital/znum24/secciones/perfiles-cayetano_alcazar_molina.htm |archivedate=5 March 2016 |language=Spanish |issn=1577-6921}}
  • {{cite web |last1=Díez Ménguez |first1=Isabel Cristina |title=Amanda Junquera Butler |url=http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/78718/amanda-junquera-butler |website=Diccionario biográfico electrónico |publisher=Real Academia de la Historia |accessdate=6 June 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106104205/http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/78718/amanda-junquera-butler |archivedate=6 November 2019 |location=Madrid |language=Spanish |date=2018 |url-status=live}}
  • {{cite news |last1=García Cárcel |first1=Ricardo |title=Carmen Conde, la fuerza de la voluntad |url=https://cronicaglobal.elespanol.com/pensamiento/historias-mujeres-emociones/carmen-conde_249480_102.html |accessdate=7 June 2020 |date=2 June 2019 |newspaper=Crónica Global |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605222854/https://cronicaglobal.elespanol.com/pensamiento/historias-mujeres-emociones/carmen-conde_249480_102.html |archivedate=5 June 2020 |location=Barcelona, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Carmen Conde: The Force of Will}}
  • {{cite news |last1=Prieto de Paula |first1=Ángel L. |title=Carmen Conde, la primera mujer |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2007/08/11/babelia/1186789823_850215.html |accessdate=6 June 2020 |date=10 August 2007 |newspaper=El País |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531032739/https://elpais.com/diario/2007/08/11/babelia/1186789823_850215.html |archivedate=31 May 2020 |location=Madrid, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Carmen Conde, The First Woman}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Sánchez Gil |first1=Neri-Carmen |title=Carmen Conde, la poetisa del siglo XX español |journal=Tonos Digital |date=November 2002 |issue=4 |url=https://www.um.es/tonosdigital/znum4/perfiles/PerfilCarmenConde.htm |accessdate=7 June 2020 |trans-title=Carmen Conde, the Spanish Twentieth-Century Poet |publisher=Universidad de Murcia |location=Murcia, Spain |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605222856/https://www.um.es/tonosdigital/znum4/perfiles/PerfilCarmenConde.htm |archivedate=5 June 2020 |language=Spanish |issn=1577-6921}}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Sibbald |first1=K. M. |title=Outing and Autobiography (Carmen Conde and María Elena Walsh) |journal=Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos |date=Autumn 2010 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=205–228 |publisher=University of Alberta for the Canadian Association of Hispanists |location=Edmonton, Alberta |jstor=23055675 |issn=0384-8167}}
  • {{cite news |ref={{harvid|El Imparcial|1923}} |author=|title=El Señor D. Tomás Junquera de Basañez |url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/pdf.raw?query=parent%3A0000922584+type%3Apress%2Fpage&name=El+Imparcial+(Madrid.+1867).+29-8-1923 |accessdate=6 June 2020 |issue=20148 |volume=LVII |date=29 August 1923 |newspaper=El Imparcial |location=Madrid, Spain |page=5 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Mr. Tomás Junquera de Basañez}}
  • {{cite news |ref={{harvid|ABC|1987}} |author=|title=Excelentísima Señora Doña Amanda Junquera Butler |url=https://www.abc.es/archivo/periodicos/abc-madrid-19870107-77.html |accessdate=7 June 2020 |date=1 January 1987 |newspaper=ABC |location=Madrid, Spain |page=77 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Her Excellency Mrs. Amanda Junquera Butler}}
  • {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Diario Información|2007}} |author=|title=Ferris revela la historia de amor entre Carmen Conde y Amanda |url=https://www.diarioinformacion.com/cultura/2080/ferris-revela-historia-amor-carmen-conde-amanda-junquera/642839.html |accessdate=7 June 2020 |agency=Prensa Alicantina |date=19 June 2007 |newspaper=Diario Información |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605222857/https://www.diarioinformacion.com/cultura/2080/ferris-revela-historia-amor-carmen-conde-amanda-junquera/642839.html |archivedate=5 June 2020 |location=Alicante, Spain |language=Spanish |trans-title=Ferris Reveals the Love Story between Carmen Conde and Amanda Junquera}}

{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Junquera Butler, Amanda}}

Category:1898 births

Category:1986 deaths

Category:Writers from Madrid

Category:University of Valencia alumni

Category:Bisexual women writers

Category:Spanish bisexual women

Category:Spanish bisexual writers

Category:Spanish Anti-Francoists

Category:20th-century Spanish LGBTQ people