Amazônia-1

File:Amazonia 1 assembled.jpg

In the early 1990s, the design of SSR (Satélite de Sensoriamento Remoto) satellites, Amazônia-1 precursor, was revised and Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) technicians proposed replacing the polar orbit by an equatorial orbit, and this proposal was accepted. That made sense at that time as Brazil already had polar orbit coverage with the CBERS satellites. SSR-1 suffered several delays, either by lack of resources, or bid disputes. The effective start only occurred in 2001, when a contract was signed for the development of a multi-mission platform specifically, at the time, for this purpose.

In 2001, a joint study between the INPE and German Aerospace Center (DLR) was published, found that most of the SSR-1 requirements can be met by two sensors: the Camera VIS / NIR and other MIR.Rudorff, Bernardo (10/04/2003), [http://marte.dpi.inpe.br/col/ltid.inpe.br/sbsr/2002/11.18.18.10/doc/17_420.pdf O SATÉLITE DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO SSR-1 PARA MONITORAMENTO DA AMAZÔNIA], INPE, Retrieved 15 May 2016 However, with the publication PNAE=(?) review in 2005, the SSR-1 ceased to be a priority.

File:PSLV-C51, Amazônia-1 launch 001.jpg

Between September and October 2012, a structural model of the Amazônia-1 satellite was subjected to a series of vibration test.

In the latest review of the PNAE, published in January 2013, the Amazônia-1 resurfaced with the same name, and even successors were planned (Amazon-1B in 2017 and Amazon-2 in 2018). However, with polar orbit as a design feature, the release dates of these satellites can not be met. The Amazônia-1 schedule is already delayed by two years.[http://www.aeb.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/PNAE-Portugues.pdf PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE ATIVIDADES ESPACIAIS 2012-2021] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322032820/http://www.aeb.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/PNAE-Portugues.pdf |date=22 March 2016 }} Brazilian Space Agency 22 January 2013 Retrieved 15 May 2016

The satellite was originally supposed to launch on a Brazilian VLS-1 rocket, but the program was cancelled.

The satellite was successfully launched on 28 February 2021 aboard ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C51) from the First Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre.{{cite news|date=11 May 2018|title=Amazonia-1 será lanzado en 2020|language=spanish|agency=LATAM Satelital |url=http://latamsatelital.com/16255-2/|access-date=11 May 2018}} The cost of launch was nearly USD 26 million.{{Cite web |date=2021-03-08 |title=Brazilian-made satellite begins deforestation monitoring mission |url=https://brazilian.report/tech/2021/03/08/first-brazilian-made-satellite-begins-deforestation-monitoring-mission/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=The Brazilian Report |language=en-US}}

File:Amazônia 1 with its solar panels deployed.jpg

On March 2, 2021, journalist and science communicator Salvador Nogueira reported that according to trackers in the United States, the satellite may be tipping over in its orbit, but that the situation wasn't irreversible.{{Cite web|url=https://olhardigital.com.br/2021/03/03/ciencia-e-espaco/amazonia-1-fora-de-controle/|title=Satélite Brasileiro Amazônia-1 pode estar fora de controle, afirmam especialistas|language=pt-br|date=2021-03-03|accessdate=2021-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303135706/https://olhardigital.com.br/2021/03/03/ciencia-e-espaco/amazonia-1-fora-de-controle/|archivedate=2021-03-03|url-status=live}} This occurred after the satellite was put into "mission mode," which triggered a safety program where the satellite was in an attitude that ensured its solar panels were exposed to the Sun.{{Cite web|url=https://mensageirosideral.blogfolha.uol.com.br/2021/03/07/depois-de-apuros-em-modo-de-sobrevivencia-amazonia-1-ja-faz-imagens-do-brasil/|title=Depois de apuros em modo de 'sobrevivência', Amazônia-1 já faz imagens do Brasil|language=pt-br|date=2021-03-07|accessdate=2021-03-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308183242/https://mensageirosideral.blogfolha.uol.com.br/2021/03/07/depois-de-apuros-em-modo-de-sobrevivencia-amazonia-1-ja-faz-imagens-do-brasil/|archivedate=2021-03-08|url-status=live}} The journalist later posted on Twitter that the situation may be due to the satellite's release and that it had already been resolved, but is awaiting word from INPE.{{Cite tweet |user=salnog |number=1367105428514099201 |date=2021-03-03 |title=UPDATE na história do Amazonia-1. PARECE que o caso da rotação anômala veio na liberação e agora já está estabilizado/recuperado. Mas seguimos aguardando manifestação oficial do Inpe.|language=pt-br}} Later Clezio di Nardin, INPE's director, confirmed that the satellite operates normally and is going through the qualification phase, which will last until March 15.{{Cite web|url=https://mensageirosideral.blogfolha.uol.com.br/2021/03/03/inpe-diz-que-operacao-do-amazonia-1-esta-normal/|title=Inpe diz que operação do Amazônia-1 está normal|language=pt-br|date=2021-03-03|accessdate=2021-03-03|author=Salvador Nogueira|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303162320/https://mensageirosideral.blogfolha.uol.com.br/2021/03/03/inpe-diz-que-operacao-do-amazonia-1-esta-normal/|archivedate=2021-03-03|url-status=live}} The position of Clezio di Nardin and of Marcos Pontes, Minister of Science, was that nothing unusual had happened.

{{Clear}}

File:Amazonia_1_with_MLI_installed_001.jpg installed]]

The current design features are as follows:

• Orbit: Sun-synchronous orbit
• Period of Earth imaging: 4 days
• Optical sighting wide imaging (camera with 3 bands in the visible (VIS) and 1 band in the near-infrared (NIR))
• Observation range: {{cvt|850|km}} {{cite web|url=https://spaceflight.com/spaceflight-awarded-contract-to-launch-brazils-amazonia-1-spacecraft/|title=Spaceflight Awarded Contract to Launch Brazil's Amazonia-1 Spacecraft|date=2018-12-18|publisher=Spaceflight.com|access-date=2020-01-23}} with {{cvt|60|m}} resolution.
• Platform: Multi-Mission Platform (MMP)
• Weight: {{cvt|637|kg}}

• Advanced Wide Field Imager (AWFI), is a {{cvt|60|m}} resolution camera.{{cite web|url=http://database.eohandbook.com/database/instrumentsummary.aspx?instrumentID=405|title=The Ceos Database: Instrument Summary - AWFI|publisher=Database.eohandbook.com|access-date=2014-03-08}}

The Amazônia-2 satellite was planned for launch in 2022 to replace its predecessor.{{cite web|url=http://www.inpe.br/noticias/arquivos/pdf/Plano_diretor_miolo.pdf|title=Plano Diretor 2011 - 2015 |publisher=Inpe.br|access-date=2014-03-08}}

{{Clear}}

{{Gallery|File:AMZ1 WFI 20210303 Bolivia.jpg|Colored composition showing the Manuripi-Heath Amazon National Wildlife Reserve, in Bolivia.|File:AMZ1 WFI 20210303 SaoPaulo.jpg|Real color image showing the metropolitan region of São Paulo and its surroundings.|File:AMZ1 WFI 20210303 RepresaSobradinho.jpg|True color image showing the Sobradinho reservoir, Rio São Francisco, and its surroundings.|File:AMZ1 WFI 20210303 Ibotirama.jpg|True color image of the city of Ibotirama, BA, the São Francisco River, and surroundings.|File:AMZ1 WFI 20210303 RiodeJaneiro.jpg|Colored composition showing the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro and its surroundings|File:Burketown, Australia - Image captured by the Amazônia-1 satellite on May 12, 2021.jpg|Burketown, Australia on 12 May 2021|File:Capitais do Brasil pelo Amazonia-1 Brazil's capitals from Amazonia-1 Curitiba PR (51714921452).jpg|Ilha do Mel and Curitiba on 11 April 2021|File:Capitais do Brasil pelo Amazonia-1 Brazil's capitals from Amazonia-1 Brasília DF (51715717881).jpg|Brasília on 11 April 2021|File:Sinop - Image captured by the Amazônia-1 satellite on 5 May 2021.jpg| Sinop on 5 May 2021|title=Images by Wide Field Imager|width=150|height=100|align=center|footer=via INPE}}

{{Portal|Spaceflight}}

• Brazilian space program

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Amazônia 1}}

{{Brazil space program}}

{{Orbital launches in 2021}}

{{Rest of the World Reconnaissance Satellites}}

Category:Spacecraft launched in 2021

Category:2021 in Brazil

Category:Earth observation satellites of Brazil

Category:Earth imaging satellites

{{Brazil-spacecraft-stub}}