Amazon Region Protected Areas Program
{{Infobox organization
| name = Amazon Region Protected Areas Program
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| map_caption = Protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon
| abbreviation = ARPA
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| formation = {{start date and age|2003}}
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| status = Active
| purpose = Improve conservation of the Brazilian Amazon region
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| website = {{URL|http://programaarpa.gov.br/en/}}
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The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA; {{langx|pt|Programa Áreas Protegidas da Amazônia}}) is a joint initiative sponsored by government and non-government agencies to expand protection of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil.
Foundation
The Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA) originated in a 1998 promise by the Brazilian government to triple the area of the Amazon that was legally protected.
The program was launched in 2003, supported by government agencies, NGOs and major donors.{{sfn|Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme – WWF}}
The program is based on a major two-year planning exercise with experts from different disciplines, representatives of the indigenous people and others.
This defined a set of priority areas for new parks and reserves throughout the Amazon.{{sfn|Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme – WWF}}
Objectives
Initial objectives were:{{sfn|Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme – WWF}}
- Establish about {{convert|283000|km2}} of new strictly protected conservation units of Brazil
- Upgrade about {{convert|125000| km2}} of neglected existing parks to effective standards of management
- Establish about {{convert|89000|km2}} of sustainable use reserves supported by local communities, and provide effective stewardship
- Establish a US$220 million long-term Protected Areas Trust Fund to ensure perpetual financial viability and integrity of the system
Benefits include protecting habitats, ecosystems and biodiversity, reducing conflicts over land ownership, providing sustainable use options to local communities, creating barriers against deforestation and burning, maintaining forest coverage to lock up carbon and avoid changes to rainfall patterns.{{sfn|Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme – WWF}}
Organization
The program is led by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), which coordinates the process of identifying protected areas, creating them by law, preparing management plans and establishing staff and infrastructure.
IBAMA works with local government authorities and community members.
Implementation is overseen by a steering committee that includes representatives from government agencies and civil society.{{sfn|Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme – WWF}}
The Brazilian government covers core staffing costs.
The World Bank oversees additional funding, which is managed by the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (FUNBIO).{{sfn|Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme – WWF}}
Funding is provided by the Global Environment Facility through the World Bank, the government of Germany through the KfW German Development Bank, the World Wide Fund for Nature through WWF-Brazil and the Amazon Fund through the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES).{{sfn|What is Arpa? – ARPA}}
Conservation units are eligible for disbursements from the fund only when they can show that they comply with rigorous standards.{{sfn|Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme – WWF}}
Operations
The first phase, which cost US$81.50 million, financed creation and consolidation of {{convert|180000|km2}} of new protected areas, established the endowment fund, established a system for monitoring biodiversity and supported overall coordination by the Ministry of Environment, IBAMA and the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund.{{sfn|Amazon Region Protected Areas (GEF)}}
ARPA Phase 2 was to expand the protected areas system, with about {{convert|135000|km2}} of new coverage, and to ensure that the program has solid and sustainable finances. It was approved by the World Bank board on 23 February 2012.{{sfn|Amazon Region Protected Areas Program Phase II (GEF)}}
ARPA resulted in a 68% increase in protected areas and indigenous territories from 2004 to 2012.{{sfn|Nepstad|McGrath|Stickler|Alencar|2014|pp=1118–23}}
In February 2016 it was announced that the federal Ministry of the Environment would include the Serra dos Reis State Park, Samuel Ecological Station and Rio Pacaás Novos Extractive Reserve, all in Rondônia, among the conservation areas supported under ARPA.{{sfn|Três Unidades de Conservação ... O Nortão}}
Rondônia conservation units already covered by ARPA were the Corumbiara State Park, Guajará-Mirim State Park, Rio Preto Jacundá Extractive Reserve, Rio Cautário Extractive Reserve and Serra dos Três Irmãos Ecological Station.
The Umirizal Ecological Station would be created.
With this expansion the total area covered by ARPA in Brazil rose to {{convert|582960.56|km2}}.{{sfn|Três Unidades de Conservação ... O Nortão}}
Conservation units
Ecological stations covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:{{sfn|Full list: PAs supported by ARPA}}
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
- Terra do Meio
- Maracá
- Maracá-Jipioca
- Niquiá
- Grão Pará
- Jari
- Rio Ronuro
- Rio Roosevelt
- Juami-Japurá
- Rio Acre
- Serra dos Três Irmãos
{{div col end}}
State parks covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:{{sfn|Full list: PAs supported by ARPA}}
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
- Cantão
- Chandless
- Corumbiara
- Cristalino
- Guajará-Mirim
- Guariba
- Igarapés do Juruena
- Matupiri
- Rio Negro Setor Norte
- Rio Negro Setor Sul
- Serra Ricardo Franco
- Serra das Andorinhas
- Sucunduri
- Xingu
{{div col end}}
National parks covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:{{sfn|Full list: PAs supported by ARPA}}
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
- Serra da Cutia
- Serra do Divisor
- Serra do Pardo
- Anavilhanas
- Cabo Orange
- Jamanxim
- Jaú
- Juruena
- Rio Novo
- Campos Amazônicos
- Tumucumaque Mountains
- Nascentes do Lago Jari
- Serra da Mocidade
- Viruá
{{div col end}}
Biological reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:{{sfn|Full list: PAs supported by ARPA}}
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
{{div col end}}
Sustainable development reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:{{sfn|Full list: PAs supported by ARPA}}
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- Itatupã-Baquiá
- Aripuanã
- Amanã
- Bararati
- Cujubim
- Juma
- Rio Iratapuru
- Rio Madeira
- Rio Negro
- Uatumã
- Igapó-Açu
- Piagaçu-Purus
- Rio Amapá
- Uacari
{{div col end}}
Extractive reserves covered by ARPA as of 2016 were:{{sfn|Full list: PAs supported by ARPA}}
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- Alto Tarauacá
- Arapixi
- Arióca Pruanã
- Auati-Paraná
- Baixo Juruá
- Barreiro das Antas
- Canutama
- Catuá-Ipixuna
- Cazumbá-Iracema
- Chico Mendes
- Cururupu
- Guariba
- Guariba-Roosevelt
- Ipaú-Anilzinho
- Ituxi
- Lago Capanã Grande
- Mapuá
- Maracanã
- Médio Juruá
- Médio Purús
- Renascer
- Rio Cajari
- Rio Cautário (Federal)
- Rio Cautário (State)
- Rio Gregório
- Rio Iriri
- Rio Jutai
- Rio Ouro Preto
- Rio Preto-Jacundá
- Rio Unini
- Rio Xingu
- Riozinho da Liberdade
- Riozinho do Anfrísio
- Terra Grande-Pracuúba
- Verde para Sempre
{{div col end}}
Notes
{{notes}}{{reflist|30em}}
Sources
{{refbegin}}
- {{citation|ref={{harvid|Amazon Region Protected Areas (GEF)}}
|title=Amazon Region Protected Areas (GEF)|publisher=World Bank
|url=http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P058503/amazon-region-protected-areas-gef?lang=en|accessdate=2016-08-07}}
- {{citation|ref={{harvid|Amazon Region Protected Areas Program Phase II (GEF)}}
|title=Amazon Region Protected Areas Program Phase II (GEF)|publisher=World Bank
|url=http://www.worldbank.org/projects/P114810/amazon-region-protected-areas-program-phase-ii-gef?lang=en|accessdate=2016-08-07}}
- {{citation|ref={{harvid|Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme – WWF}}
|title=Amazon Region Protected Areas Programme|publisher=WWF: World Wide Fund For Nature
|url=http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/amazon/vision_amazon/models/amazon_protected_areas/financing/arpa/|accessdate=2016-08-07}}
- {{citation|ref={{harvid|Full list: PAs supported by ARPA}}
|title=Full list: PAs supported by ARPA|publisher=ARPA
|url=http://programaarpa.gov.br/en/full-list-pas-supported-by-arpa/|accessdate=2016-08-07}}
- {{citation
|last1=Nepstad | first1 = D | last2 = McGrath | first2 = D | last3 = Stickler | first3 = C | last4 = Alencar | first4 = A | last5 = Azvedo | first5 = A | last6 = Swette | first6 = B
|year=2014 | title = Slowing Amazon deforestation through public policy and intervention in the beef and soy supply chain
|journal=Science | volume = 344 | doi=10.1126/science.1248525| hdl = 2027.42/138285 | hdl-access = free }}
- {{citation|ref={{harvid|Três Unidades de Conservação ... O Nortão}}|date=24 February 2016|language=Portuguese|title=Três Unidades de Conservação de Rondônia são inseridas no programa Áreas Protegidas|newspaper=Jornal O Nortão|url=http://www.onortao.com.br/noticias/tres-unidades-de-conservacao-de-rondonia-sao-inseridas-no-programa-areas-protegidas,61515.php|accessdate=2016-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821081617/http://www.onortao.com.br/noticias/tres-unidades-de-conservacao-de-rondonia-sao-inseridas-no-programa-areas-protegidas,61515.php|archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status=dead}}
- {{citation|ref={{harvid|What is Arpa? – ARPA}}
|title=What is Arpa?|publisher=ARPA
|url=http://programaarpa.gov.br/en/what-is-arpa-3/|accessdate=2016-08-07}}
{{refend}}
{{authority control}}
Category:2003 establishments in Brazil
Category:Nature conservation in Brazil
Category:Protected areas of Brazil
Category:Protected areas of Acre (state)
Category:Protected areas of Amapá
Category:Protected areas of Amazonas (Brazilian state)
Category:Protected areas of Pará
Category:Protected areas of Rondônia
Category:Protected areas of Roraima
Category:Protected areas of Tocantins
Category:Environment of Acre (state)