Amazonian long-tailed porcupine

{{Short description|Species of rodent}}

{{speciesbox

| name = Amazonian long-tailed porcupine

| status = NE

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite mdd |id=1006591 |genus=Coendou |species=longicaudatus |access-date=7 April 2025}}

| image = Coendou prehensilis JJK'1.jpg

| image_caption = Coendou longicaudatus in Goiás, Brazil

| image_alt = Photo of a porcupine in a tree partially obscured by leaves and branches

| genus = Coendou

| species = longicaudatus

| authority = Daudin, 1802

}}

The Amazonian long-tailed porcupine (Coendou longicaudatus), also known as Cerrado's long-tailed porcupine, is a species of rodent in the family Erethizontidae, the New World porcupines. Found across most of South America, it was first described by François Marie Daudin in 1802.{{Cite journal|author-link=François Marie Daudin |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42033422#page/224/mode/1up |last=Daudin |first=F.M. |date=1802-10-21 |title=Tableau des divisions, sous-divisions, ordres et genres des mammifères, par le Cen Lacepéde; Avec l'indication de toutes les espèces décrites par Buffon, et leur distribution dans chacun des genres |pages=143–195 |editor-last=Buffon |editor-first=G.-L.L. de. |journal=Histoire naturelle par Buffon. Quadrupèdes. Tome quatorzième |publisher=P. Didot et Firmin Didot |location=Paris |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.64910 |oclc= 30927141 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}} It was for some time considered a subspecies of the Brazilian porcupine (Coendou prehensilis). C. prehensilis was split into three distinct species in 2021:{{Cite journal |last=Menezes |first=Fernando Heberson |last2=Feijó |first2=Anderson |last3=Fernandes-Ferreira |first3=Hugo |last4=da Costa |first4=Itayguara Ribeiro |last5=Cordeiro-Estrela |first5=Pedro |date=2021 |title=Integrative systematics of Neotropical porcupines of Coendou prehensilis complex (Rodentia: Erethizontidae) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jzs.12529 |journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research |language=en |volume=59 |issue=8 |pages=2410–2439 |doi=10.1111/jzs.12529 |issn=1439-0469|doi-access=free }}

• the Brazilian porcupine, C. prehensilis;
• the Amazonian long-tailed porcupine, C. longicaudatus; and
• the Baturite porcupine, C. baturitensis.

The species has been recorded as exhibiting albinism{{Cite journal |last=Pommer-Barbosa |first=Raul Alfonso |last2=Alvares Oliveira |first2=Marcela |last3=da Cruz Prestes |first3=André Luiz |date=2022 |title=First record of albinism in Coendou (Coendou) longicaudatus Daudin, 1802 (Rodentia, Erethizontidae) in the state of Rondônia, Brazil |url=https://ojs.sarem.org.ar/index.php/nms/article/view/840/143 |journal=Notas sobre Mamíferos Sudamericanos |language=es |volume=04 |issue=1 |pages=001–007 |doi=10.31687/SaremNMS22.6.1 |issn=2618-4788}} and is susceptible to several fungal infections.{{Cite journal |last=Caldeira |first=Ana Carolina Lemos |last2=Hennig |first2=Morgana M. |last3=Costa |first3=Marco T. D.S. |last4=Calvache |first4=Tatiana G. P. |last5=dos Santos |first5=Ícaro G. |last6=de Aguiar |first6=Daniel M. |last7=Morgado |first7=Thais O. |last8=Colodel |first8=Edson M. |last9=Nakazato |first9=Luciano |last10=Dutra |first10=Valéria |date=2025-02-20 |title=Infection by Histoplasma capsulatum and Candida tropicalis in a Coendou longicaudatus boliviensis (neotropical porcupine) |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s42770-025-01643-8 |journal=Brazilian Journal of Microbiology |language=en |doi=10.1007/s42770-025-01643-8 |issn=1517-8382}}File:Coendou prehensilis 78774620 (cropped).jpg]]