Amb Temples
{{Short description|Hindu temple in Punjab, Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Amb Temples
{{nq|امب مندر}}
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| image = File:AMB Temple in Soon Sakasar Valley by Usman Ghani.JPG
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| caption = The site consists of the ruins of two Hindu temples located in Pakistan's Salt Range mountains
| map_type = Pakistan#South Asia
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| coordinates = {{coord|32.508402|N|71.936538|E|region:PK_type:city|display=title, inline}}
| location = Khushab District, Punjab, Pakistan
| region = Salt Range mountains
| type = Temple complex
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| epochs = Hindu Shahi
| cultures = Punjabi Hindu
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The Amb Temples ({{langx|ur|{{nq|امب مندر}}}}), locally known as Amb Sharif ({{langx|ur|{{nq|امب شریف}}}}; "Noble Amb"), are part of an abandoned Hindu temple complex on the Sakesar mountain, located at the western edge of the Salt Range in Pakistan's Punjab province.{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/649174-the-forgotten-temples|title=The forgotten temples | Footloose |website=The News International}} Although foundations go back to the period of Kushan Empire, the temple complex was built in the 9th to 10th centuries CE during the reign of the Hindu Shahi empire.{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Attock District, 1930, Part 1|date=1932|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gfdtAAAAMAAJ&q=amb+temple|access-date=21 September 2017}}
Location
The ruins are located near Amb Sharef village, on Sakesar mountain in the Soon Valley of Pakistan. The ruins form the westernmost ruins of a string of Hindu temples in the Salt Range mountains that includes the Katas Raj Temples and Tilla Jogian monastic complex.
Architecture
The main temple is roughly 15 to 20 metres tall, and built out of brick and mortar on a square plinth. It is regarded as the "loftiest" of temples built by the Hindu Shahi empire.{{cite book|last1=Rashid|first1=Salman|title=The Salt Range and the Potohar Plateau|date=2001|publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications|isbn=9789693512571|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bv9tAAAAMAAJ&q=amb+temple|access-date=21 September 2017}} The temple ruins have three stories, with stairwells leading to inner ambulatories.{{cite journal|last1=Meister|first1=Michael|title=Fig Gardens of Amb-Sharif, Folklore and Archaeology|journal=East and West|date=2005|volume=55|issue=1/4|pages=201–216|jstor=29757645|publisher=Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente}}
The temple is decorated with Kashmiri style motifs on its exterior, including a cusped niche. The structure of the main temple, differs from Kashmiri temples which typically have pointed tops. The main temple is instead similar in style to the nearby Kalar temple, and Kafir Kot temple in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.{{cite book|title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|date=1903|publisher=Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j-B_DPdTBMEC&q=amb+temple&pg=PA338|access-date=21 September 2017}}
To the west about 75 metres lies another smaller temple, which is 2 story or 7 to 8 meters high,{{Cite web|url=http://pakgeotagging.blogspot.com/2014/05/hindu-temple-at-amb-amb-is-small.html|title=Pakistan Geotagging: Hindu Temple At Amb|first=Tariq|last=Amir|date=12 May 2014}} situated near a cliff. The temple features a small vestibule chamber facing towards the main temple. It was a few metres from a second similarly sized temple, which no longer exists. The entire temple complex was surrounded by a fortification, with the earliest construction at the site dating to the late Kushan period.
Conservation
The site was visited by Alexander Cunningham in the late 19th century, and was partly conserved in 1922-24 by Daya Ram Sahni. The temple had been looted over the centuries. The last remaining statuary was taken in the late 19th century and placed in the Lahore Museum. The site is currently protected by Pakistan's Antiquities Act (1975).
Gallery
File:Amb_Temple_in_Soon_Sakasar_Valley_Khushab_at_sunset.jpg|The main temple
File:AMB Temples, three temples inside fort big temple side view.jpg|The main temple features a Kashmiri-style cusped archway
File:Amb Temple in Soon Sakasar Valley Khushab by Usman Ghani.jpg|A view of the smaller temple with its vestibule chamber
File:AMB Temples, three temples inside fort big temple side architectural features.jpg|The base of the main temple
File:AMB_Temples,_three_temples_inside_fort_big_temple_corner_plinth_view.jpg|A view of the main temple's plinth
See also
References
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{{commons category|Amb temple complex}}
{{Cultural heritage sites in Punjab, Pakistan |state=autocollapse}}
{{Hindu temples in Pakistan}}
Category:Hindu temples in Sindh
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