Americae Sive Quartae Orbis Partis Nova Et Exactissima Descriptio

{{Short description|1562 map of the Americas}}

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File:Gutiérrez, the Americas, 1562.jpg copy]]

Americae Sive Quartae Orbis Partis Nova Et Exactissima Descriptio (Latin: A New and Most Exact Description of America or The Fourth Part of the World) is an ornate geographical map of the Americas, made in 1562 by Spanish cartographer Diego Gutiérrez and Flemish artist Hieronymus Cock. The map encompasses the eastern coast of North America, the entire Central and South America and parts of the western coasts of Europe and Africa. Americae Sive Quartae Orbis Partis Nova Et Exactissima Descriptio is the earliest scale wall map of the New World and the first to use the name "California".{{cite web| url =http://atlas.nmhum.org/atlas.php?gmap=12| title =Diego Gutierrez: Americae sive quartae orbis partis nova et exactissima descriptio: 1562| publisher =Atlas of Historic New Mexico Maps| accessdate =7 March 2014| archive-date =7 March 2014| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140307215507/http://atlas.nmhum.org/atlas.php?gmap=12| url-status =dead}}

The map consists of six neatly-joined engraved sheets. Measuring 93×86 cm, it remained the largest map of America for a century.{{cite web | url =http://www.worldmapsonline.com/kr-1562-am.htm| title =Historic Map - The Americas - 1562|publisher =World Maps Online| accessdate =7 March 2014}} It has a longitude grid, the equator, the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, but no latitude grid. The map also lacks the Tordesillas meridian, demarcating the Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the New World. Along with mermaids and other sea creatures, the map features objects that had been popularized in Europe after the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, such as parrots, cannibals, Patagonian giants, and an erupting volcano in central Mexico. One of the depicted Patagonian giants is handing a bow to a conquistador. The top left corner features the goddess Victoria behind the arms of Spain and France, which are carried by three putti. It is believed that the alliance between the two kingdoms, forged by the marriage of Philip II and Elisabeth of Valois, is the reason why two arms are positioned close to each other.{{cite web | url =https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/frontiers/gutierrz.html| title =The 1562 Map of America by Diego Gutiérrez |publisher =Library of Congress| accessdate =7 March 2014}} The map uses the Classical Latin letter "V" instead of "U".

There are two extant copies of the map, one in the Library of Congress (Washington, D.C.) and the other in the British Library (London).[http://explore.bl.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=moreTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=BLL01004789236&indx=1&recIds=BLL01004789236&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28BLCONTENT%29&vl(2084770704UI0)=any&tb=t&vid=BLVU1&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=local_tab&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Americae%20Sive%20Quartae%20Orbis%20Partis%20Nova%20Et%20Exactissima%20Descriptio&dstmp=1614613255725 British Library] The actual total number of copies printed is not known. The Library of Congress's copy was formerly in the collection of the Duke of Gotha until its sale at a 1932 auction in Munich. It was then acquired by an American book dealer who in turn sold it to Lessing J. Rosenwald. In 1949 Rosenwald gave the map to the Library of Congress.