American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers

File:1912 Louis N Hammerling.png

The American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers was founded by Louis Nicholas Hammerling in 1908.{{cite journal |journal=Printers' Ink |location=NY |title=Tenth Anniversary of the American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers, Inc. |date=June 6, 1918 |pages=295 v |hdl=2027/mdp.39015016778758?urlappend=%3Bseq=1483 }} It served as an intermediary between "respectable national advertisers", and the foreign-language newspapers that profited from publishing advertisements.{{citation |author=Jim Sleeper |title=Should American Journalism Make Us Americans? |year=1999 |publisher=Harvard University, Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy |location=USA |author-link=Jim Sleeper }} Frances Kellor{{Citation |publisher = Routledge |isbn = 9780415920384 |title = Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science |editor1 = Marilyn Ogilvie |editor1-link=Marilyn Ogilvie |editor2=Joy Harvey |editor2-link=Joy Harvey|date = 2000 |url-access = registration |url = https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict00ogil_0 }} led the effort after Hammerling's patriotism came under question ca.1918.{{Citation |publisher = Narodni List |location = New York, N.Y |title = A Menace to Americanization |date = 1919 |ol = 24235312M }}{{citation |title=Brewing and Liquor Interests and German Propaganda: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year= 1919 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9vDkAAAAMAAJ }} Critics included Robert Ezra Park.{{Citation |publisher = Harper & Brothers |location = New York |title = The Immigrant Press and its Control |author = Robert Ezra Park |date = 1922 |oclc = 762077 |ol = 14014325M |author-link = Robert Ezra Park }}