American Car and Foundry Company

The American Car and Foundry Company was originally formed and incorporated in New Jersey in 1899 as a result of the merger of thirteen smaller railroad car manufacturers. The company was made up of:

Later in 1899, ACF acquired the Bloomsburg Car Manufacturing Company of Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. Orders for new freight cars were made very quickly, with several hundred cars ordered in the first year alone.{{cite news| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59009398/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle/| title=New Railroad Equipment| author=Railroad Gazette| newspaper=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle| location=Brooklyn, NY| date=January 26, 1900| page=17| via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}} Two years later, ACF acquired the Jackson and Sharp Company (founded 1863 in Wilmington, Delaware) and the Common Sense Bolster Company (of Chicago, Illinois). The unified company made a large investment in the former Jackson & Woodin plant in Pennsylvania, spending about $3 million. It was at this plant that ACF built the first all-steel passenger car in the world in 1904. The car was built for the Interborough Rapid Transit system of New York City, the first of 300 such cars ordered by that system.

In 1903, the company was operating overseas in Trafford Park, Manchester, England, and it was featured on a Triumphal Arch built for the Royal Visit of Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1903. The factory buildings were later used by Ford cars, which began manufacturing at Trafford Park in 1911.

1904 and 1905 saw ACF build several motor cars and trailers for the London Underground.{{cite web| author=ACF Industries| url=http://www.acfindustries.com/history.asp| title=History| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118171550/http://www.acfindustries.com/history.asp| archive-date=2012-01-18| access-date=2011-11-18}} In those two years, ACF also acquired the Southern Car and Foundry (founded 1899 in Memphis, Tennessee), Indianapolis Car and Foundry, and Indianapolis Car Company.

In 1916, William H. Woodin, formerly president of Jackson and Woodin Manufacturing Company, was promoted to become president of ACF.{{cite news| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59009589/marshfield-news-herald/| title=Woodin's Business Experience is Wide| agency=Associated Press| newspaper=Marshfield News-Herald| location=Marshfield, WI| date=February 25, 1933| page=3| via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}} Woodin would later become Secretary of the Treasury under U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt.

During World War I, ACF produced artillery gun mounts and ammunition, submarine chasers and other boats, railway cars, and other equipment to support the Allies. ACF ranked 36th among United States corporations in the value of World War II production contracts.{{cite book| author1-link=Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)| last1=Peck| first1=Merton J.| author2-link=Frederic M. Scherer| last2=Scherer| first2=Frederic M.| title=The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis| year=1962| publisher=Harvard Business School| page=619}}

• 1899: American Car and Foundry (ACF) is formed from the merger of 13 smaller companies
• 1899: ACF acquires Bloomsburg Car Manufacturing Company
• 1901: ACF acquires Jackson and Sharp Company and Common Sense Bolster Company
• 1904: ACF builds the first all-steel passenger car in the world for the Interborough Rapid Transit
• 1904: ACF acquires Southern Car and Foundry of Memphis, Tennessee
• 1905: ACF acquires Indianapolis Car and Foundry and Indianapolis Car Company
• 1922: ACF diversifies into the automotive industry with the acquisition of Carter Carburetor Corporation
• March 31, 1924: ACF acquires Pacific Car and Foundry from William Pigott
• October 31, 1925: ACF forms "American Car and Foundry Securities Corporation" (A wholly owned subsidiary holding company) for the purpose of acquiring Fageol Motors Company of Ohio and Hall-Scott Motor Car Company Fageol Motors Company of California was included but was not approved by the shareholders.{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2oYAAAAIAAJ&q=Reports+of+the+Tax+Court+of+the+United+States%2C+Volume+14 |publisher= U.S. Government Printing Office |title=Reports of the Tax Court of the United States, Volume 14 | page=267 |date=1950| via=Google Books}}
• 1926: ACF acquires J. G. Brill Company
• 1926: ACF acquires American Motor Body Corporation{{Cite web |url=http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/a/american_motor_body/american_motor_body.htm |title=American Motor Body Co. |website=Coachbuilt |date=2004 |last=Theobald |first=Mark |access-date=2021-03-27}}
• 1927: ACF acquires Shippers Car Line
• 1934: Paul Pigott reinstates a controlling interest of Pacific Car and Foundry
• 1935: ACF builds lightweight Rebel streamline trains for the Gulf, Mobile and Northern Railroad
• 1939: ACF's Berwick plant switches to construction of military tanks.
• 1940: Brill is fully merged into ACF.{{cite news| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59009330/the-news-journal/| title=Notice of Special Meeting of Stockholders of American Car and Foundry Motors Company| newspaper=The News Journal| location=Wilmington, DE| date=December 9, 1940| page=23| via=Newspapers.com}} {{open access}}
• August 2, 1941: ACF's 1,000th military tank is completed for the United States military effort of World War II
• 1954: The company officially changes its name to ACF Industries, Incorporated.
• 1954: ACF purchases Engineering and Research Corporation.{{cite news| newspaper=The Washington Post| title=Saving Pilots and Planes Is Erco's Main Business: ACF Division Has 75 Pct. of Output In Simulators| date=26 August 1956| first=S. Oliver| last=Goodwin}}
• 1954–1955: ACF delivers 35 "Astra Dome" dome cars to the Union Pacific Railroad.
• January 1961: ACF delivers its last passenger car, (NYCT IRT R28.{{cite web| title=IRT SMEE delivery dates| website=R36 Preservation, Inc.| url=http://www.coronayard.com/r36preservation/irtsmeedelivery.html}}{{cite web| url=http://www.nycsubway.org/cars/r262829.html| title=R26/R28/R29| work=NYCSubway.org| year=2005| access-date=2007-12-03| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071202191504/http://www.nycsubway.org/cars/r262829.html| archive-date= 2 December 2007 | url-status= live}} IRT car), Berwick plant closed, sold, to later re-open as Berwick Forge & Fabricating Corporation.
• 1977: Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) came up with the idea of the first double-stack intermodal car in 1977.{{cite web| url=http://www.uprr.com/aboutup/history/uprr-chr.shtml| title=Chronological History| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060810170628/http://www.uprr.com/aboutup/history/uprr-chr.shtml| archive-date=2006-08-10| website=Union Pacific Railroad Company}} SP then designed the first car with ACF Industries that same year.{{cite book| last=Kaminski| first=Edward S.| year=1999| title=American Car & Foundry Company: A Centennial History, 1899-1999| location=Wilton, California| publisher=Signature Press| isbn=0963379100}}{{cite magazine| url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-9055386.html| url-status=dead| title=A new fleet shapes up. (High-Tech Railroading)| magazine=Railway Age| date=September 1, 1990| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017160711/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-9055386.html| archive-date=October 17, 2008}}
• 1984: ACF is purchased by Carl Icahn.
• 1988: Spin-off company American Railcar Industries (ARI) is founded.{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1344596/000134459616000077/arii-12312015x10k.htm |title=AMERICAN RAILCAR INDUSTRIES, INC. FORM 10-K |author= |date=2015 |website=2015 |publisher=United States Security and Exchanges Commission |access-date=September 23, 2024}}
• 1997: ACF reaches a leasing agreement with GE Capital Railcar for 35,000 of its 46,000 railcars, mostly on 16-year leases with optional purchase agreements.{{cite news| url=|title=ACF Leases 35,500 Railcars to Rival: GE Capital Is Given Option to Purchase |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=11 March 1997 |first=Christopher |last=Carey }}{{cite press release| url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/ACF+Industries+Enters+Into+Railcar+Lease+With+GE+Capital+Railcar-a019188152| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210050558/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/ACF+Industries+Enters+Into+Railcar+Lease+With+GE+Capital+Railcar-a019188152| archive-date=December 10, 2015| author=ACF Industries, Incorporated |title=ACF Industries Enters Into Railcar Lease With GE Capital Railcar |date=10 March 1997 |work= PRNewswire |via=thefreelibrary.com}}
• 2003: ACF Industries LLC became a successor to ACF Industries, Incorporated on May 1, 2003.
• 2008: An ACF Center Flow hopper owned by CSX Transportation fails. A Federal Railroad Administration advisory released the following year notes the failure occurred in the car's side sill and corrective action for all ACF Center Flow hoppers.{{Cite web |date=March 27, 2009 |title=Recommends inspection and, when necessary, repair of American Car and Foundry (ACF) Center Flow Covered Hopper Cars when appropriate. |url=https://railroads.dot.gov/elibrary/recommends-inspection-and-when-necessary-repair-american-car-and-foundry-acf-center-flow |website=railroads.dot.gov}}
• 2016: The ACF-300 stub sill design used by both ACF and ARI is investigated for non-conforming welds by the Federal Railroad Administration due to a series of tank car failures.{{cite web |url=https://railroads.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/fra_net/16720/RRS-16-2630004%20Signed%20Railworthiness%20Directive%20RWD%20No.2016%20%28Revised%29.pdf |title=RWD No. 2016-01 [REVISED] |author= |date=2016 |website=railroads.dot.gov |publisher=Federal Railroad Administration |access-date=September 22, 2024}}

• 2018: ARI is sold from the Icahn group.{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/business/icahn-backed-american-railcar-to-sell-itself-in-175-billion-deal-idUSKCN1MW1HS/ |title=Icahn-backed American Railcar to sell itself in $1.75 billion deal |author= |date=October 22, 2018 |website=reuters.com |publisher=Reuters |access-date=September 22, 2024}}
• 2019: Production at the ACF Milton, Pennsylvania plant ceases.
• 2019: ARI's manufacturing arm is purchased by The Greenbrier Companies.{{cite web |url=https://pressroom.gbrx.com/2019-07-29-Greenbrier-Completes-Acquisition-of-Manufacturing-Business-of-American-Railcar-Industries |title=Greenbrier Completes Acquisition of Manufacturing Business of American Railcar Industries |author= |date=July 29, 2019 |website=pressroom.gbrx.com |publisher=The Greenbrier Companies |access-date=September 22, 2024}} The remaining railcar leasing and management business is rebranded as American Industrial Transport (AITX) the following year.{{cite web |url=https://www.monitordaily.com/news-posts/american-railcar-industries-rebrands-as-american-industrial-transport/ |title=American Railcar Industries Rebrands as American Industrial Transport |author= |date=July 23, 2020 |website=monitordaily.com |publisher=Monitor Daily |access-date=September 22, 2024}}

File:Norte FCNC boxcar.jpg

In the past, ACF built passenger and freight cars, including covered hopper cars for hauling such cargo as corn and other grains. One of the largest customers was the Union Pacific Railroad, whose armour-yellow carbon-steel lightweight passenger rolling stock was mostly built by ACF. The famous dome-observation car "Native Son" was an ACF product.

Another important ACF railroad production were the passenger cars of the Missouri River "Eagle", a Missouri Pacific streamliner put in service in March 1940. This train, in its original shape, consisted of six cars including one baggage, one baggage-mail, two coaches one food and beverage car and finally the observation lounge-parlor car. All the passenger equipment was styled by industrial designer Raymond Loewy.

Today, the U.S. passenger car market is erratic in production and is mostly handled by specialty manufacturers and foreign corporations.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} Competitors Budd, Pullman-Standard, Rohr Industries, and the St. Louis Car Company have all either left the market or gone out of business.

File:M300 at Willits June 70xRPx - Flickr - drewj1946 (cropped).jpg in 1970]]

The manufacturing facility in Milton, Pennsylvania, was served by the Norfolk Southern Railway and was capable of manufacturing railcars and all related railcar components.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} The plant was capable of producing pressure vessels in sizes 18,000–61,000 gwc, including propane tanks, compressed gas storage, LPG storage, and all related components, including heads. The plant, covering 48 acres, provided 500,000 square feet of covered work area and seven miles of storage tracks. The plant ceased production in 2019.{{cite web |url=https://www.pennlive.com/news/2019/11/acf-laying-off-148-union-and-non-union-workers-at-its-milton-rail-car-plant.html |title=ACF laying off 148 union and non-union workers at its Milton rail car plant |last=Beauge |first=John |date=November 12, 2019 |website=pennlive.com |publisher=Penn Live |access-date=September 22, 2024}} The Huntington, West Virginia, production site ceased production in late 2009, and was demolished in 2021.{{cite web |url=https://www.wowktv.com/news/local/preserving-the-past-as-acf-industries-buildings-to-come-down-in-huntington/ |title=Preserving the past as ACF Industries buildings to come down in Huntington |last=Wadas |first=Natalie |date=November 16, 2021 |website=wowktv.com |publisher=13 News |access-date=September 22, 2024}}

• American Car Company
• Canadian Car and Foundry
• List of rolling stock manufacturers

{{Reflist}}

{{commons category|American Car and Foundry Company}}

• [http://www.acfindustries.com/ ACF Industries website]
• [http://www.umsl.edu/barriger/collections/acf.htm ACF Industries Archival Collection] – University of Missouri
• [http://www.trucksplanet.com/catalog/index.php?id=21 History of ACF trucks] – Trucksplanet
• [https://digital.hagley.org/islandora/object/islandora:2607804 American Car and Foundry Company – World War II era photographs] at the Hagley Library

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Category:Rolling stock manufacturers of the United States

Category:Defunct bus manufacturers of the United States

Category:Defunct manufacturing companies based in Missouri

Category:St. Charles County, Missouri

Category:American companies established in 1899

Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1899

Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1899

Category:1899 establishments in New Jersey

Category:Former components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average