Ammonium metavanadate

{{Chembox

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 451701848

| Name = Ammonium vanadate

| ImageFile = Ammonium-metavanadate-2D.png

| ImageName = Ammonium vanadate

| ImageFile1 = Ammonium-metavanadate-sample.jpg

| ImageName1 = Photo of a sample of ammonium vanadate

| IUPACName = Ammonium trioxovanadate(V)

| OtherNames = Ammonium vanadate

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 19968892

| PubChem = 516859

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = FL85PX638G

| InChI = 1/H3N.3O.V/h1H3;;;;/q;;;;- 1/p+1/rH3N.O3V/c;1-4(2)3/h1H3;/q;-1/p+1

| SMILES = [NH4+].O=[V-](=O)=O

| InChIKey = UXJVWJGDHIZPLD-KKTKNITLAZ

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChI = 1S/H3N.3O.V/h1H3;;;;/q;;;;-1/p+1

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = UXJVWJGDHIZPLD-UHFFFAOYSA-O

| CASNo = 7803-55-6

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| RTECS = YWD875000

| UNNumber = 2859

}}

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Formula = NH4VO3

| MolarMass = 116.98 g/mol

| Appearance = white

| Density = 2.326 g/cm3

| SolubleOther = soluble in diethanolamine, ethanolamine

| MeltingPt = >{{convert|200|C|F K}}{{cite book |author1=John Rumble |title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1138561632 |pages=4–40|edition=99th |language=English}}

| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes)

| Solubility = 4.8 g/100 ml (20 °C)

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|Section3={{Chembox Structure

| MolShape =

| Coordination =

| CrystalStruct =

| Dipole =

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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards

| ExternalSDS =

| MainHazards = possible mutagen, dangerous for the environment

| FlashPt = Non-flammable

| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}

| GHSSignalWord = Danger

| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|332|340|361|370|372|412}}

| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|202|260|261|264|270|271|273|281|301+310|304+312|304+340|307+311|308+313|312|314|321|330|405|501}}

| NFPA-H = 4

| NFPA-F = 0

| NFPA-R = 0

| LD50 = 58.1 mg/kg, oral (rat)

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|Section8={{Chembox Related

| OtherAnions = Ammonium orthovanadate
Ammonium hexavanadate

| OtherCations = Sodium metavanadate
Potassium metavanadate

| OtherCompounds = Vanadium pentoxide

}}

}}

Ammonium metavanadate is the inorganic compound with the formula NH4VO3. It is a white salt, although samples are often yellow owing to impurities of V2O5. It is an important intermediate in the purification of vanadium.Günter Bauer, Volker Güther, Hans Hess, Andreas Otto, Oskar Roidl, Heinz Roller, Siegfried Sattelberger "Vanadium and Vanadium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a27_367}}

Synthesis and structure

The compound is prepared by the addition of ammonium salts to solutions of vanadate ions, generated by dissolution of V2O5 in basic aqueous solutions, such as hot sodium carbonate. The compound precipitates as a colourless solid.G. Brauer "Ammonium Metavanadate" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1272.Robert H. Baker, Harry Zimmerman, R. N. Maxson "Ammonium Metavanadate" Inorganic Syntheses, 1950, Vol. 3, 117-118. {{doi|10.1002/9780470132340.ch30}} This precipitation step can be slow.

The compound adopts a polymeric structure consisting of chains of [VO3], formed as corner-sharing VO4 tetrahedra. These chains are interconnected via hydrogen bonds with ammonium ions.{{cite journal | author = Vladimír Syneček and František Hanic | title = The crystal structure of ammonium metavanadate | year = 1954 | journal = Czechoslovak Journal of Physics | volume = 4 | pages = 120–129 | doi = 10.1007/BF01687750 | issue = 2| bibcode = 1954CzJPh...4..120S | s2cid = 97890604 }}

class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"

| 150px

150px100px
ball-and-stick modelpolyhedral model[(VO3)n]n− chains

Uses

Vanadium is often purified from aqueous extracts of slags and ore by selective precipitation of ammonium metavanadate. The material is then roasted to give vanadium pentoxide:

:2 NH4VO3 → V2O5 + 2 NH3 + H2O

=Other=

Vanadates can behave as structural mimics of phosphates, and in this way they exhibit biological activity.Korbecki, Jan; Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena; Gutowska, Izabela; Chlubek, Dariusz "Biochemical and medical importance of vanadium compounds" Acta Biochimica Polonica 2012, vol. 59, pp. 195-200.Crans, D. C.; Chatterjee, P. B. "Vanadium Biochemistry" Reedijk, Jan; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth, Eds. Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry II (2013), 3, 323-342. {{doi|10.1016/B978-0-08-097774-4.00324-7}}

Ammonium metavanadate is used to prepare Mandelin reagent, a qualitative test for alkaloids.{{cite web|title=Color Test Reagents/Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse|url=http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/183258.pdf|work=Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program|access-date=2011-07-24|date=July 2000|archive-date=2010-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401025655/http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/183258.pdf|url-status=live}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{Ammonium salts}}

{{Vanadium compounds}}

Category:Vanadates

Category:Ammonium compounds

Category:Inorganic compounds