Anadyr (river)

The Anadyr is {{convert|1150|km}} long and has a basin of {{convert|191000|km2|-3}}.{{GVR|19050000112119000103602|Река Анадырь}}[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article051909.html Анадырь (река на Чукотке)], Great Soviet Encyclopedia It is frozen from October to late May and has a maximum flow in June with the snowmelt. It is navigable in small boats for about {{convert|570|km}} to near Markovo. West of Markovo it is in the Anadyr Highlands (moderate mountains and valleys with a few trees) and east of Markovo it moves into the Anadyr Lowlands (very flat treeless tundra with lakes and bogs). The drop from Markovo to the sea is less than {{convert|100|ft}}.

It rises at about 67°N latitude and 171°E longitude in the Anadyr Highlands, near the headwaters of the Maly Anyuy, flows southwest receiving the waters of the rivers Yablon and Yeropol, turns east around the Shchuchy Range and passes Markvovo and the old site of Anadyrsk, turns north and east and receives the Mayn from the south, thereby encircling the Lebediny Zakaznik, turns northeast to receive the Belaya from the north in the Parapol-Belsky Lowlands, then past Ust-Belaya it turns southeast into the Anadyr Lowlands past the Ust-Tanyurer Zakaznik and receives the Tanyurer from the north. At Lake Krasnoye, it turns east and flows into the Onemen Bay of the Anadyr Estuary. If the Onemen Bay is considered part of the river, it also receives the Velikaya from the south and the Kanchalan from the north. Other important tributaries are the Yablon, Yeropol and Mamolina from the right and the Chineyveyem and Ubiyenka from the left.{{Cite web |url=https://water-rf.ru/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B/842/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C |title=Water of Russia - Анадырь |access-date=2023-04-24 |archive-date=2022-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003074309/https://water-rf.ru/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B/842/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C |url-status=dead }}

Its basin is surrounded by the Amguema and Palyavaam basins to the north, the Bolshoy Anyuy, Oloy and Kolyma basins to the northwest, and the Penzhina basin to the southwest.

In 1648, Semyon Dezhnev reached the mouth of the Anadyr after being shipwrecked on the coast. In 1649, he went upriver and built winter quarters at Anadyrsk. For the next 100 years, the Anadyr was the main route from the Arctic to the Pacific and Kamchatka. In the 18th century, the Anadyr was described by the polar explorer Dmitry Laptev.

The country through which it passes is thinly populated, and is dominated by tundra, with a rich variety of plant life.{{efn|The area, which is still sparsely populated today, in 1911 it was described as "thinly populated"{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}.}} Much of the region's landscapes are dominated by rugged mountains. For nine months of the year the ground is covered with snow,{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} and the frozen rivers become navigable roads. George Kennan, an American working on the Western Union Telegraph Expedition in the late 1860s, found that dog sled travel on the lower Anadyr was limited by lack of firewood.

Reindeer, upon which the local inhabitants subsisted, were once found in considerable numbers,{{efn|This point was made in 1911: "Reindeer, upon which the inhabitants subsist, are found in considerable numbers"{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}.}} but the domestic reindeer population has collapsed dramatically since the reorganization and privatization of state-run collective farms beginning in 1992. As herds of domestic reindeer have declined, herds of wild caribou have increased.

There are ten species of salmon inhabiting the Anadyr river basin. Every year, on the last Sunday in April, there is an ice fishing competition in the frozen estuarine waters of the Anadyr's mouth. This festival is locally known as Korfest.

The area is a summering place for a number of migratory birds including brent geese, Eurasian wigeons, and the pintails of California.{{sfn|Henny|1973|pp=23-29}}[http://www.werc.usgs.gov/pinsat/journal2001.html "Biologist's Journal 2001" Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geological Survey]

• Operation Anadyr

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• {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Anadyr|volume=1|page=907}}
• {{cite journal|last=Henny |first=Charles J. |date=January 1973 |title=Drought Displaced Movement of North American Pintails into Siberia |journal=The Journal of Wildlife Management |volume=37 |number=1 |pages=23–29 |doi=10.2307/3799734|jstor=3799734 }}
• {{Cite web |date=Nov 2, 2023 |title=Russian Far East Hot Spots |url=http://wildsalmoncenter.org/pops/AnadyrRiver.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018001037/http://wildsalmoncenter.org/pops/AnadyrRiver.php |archive-date=Oct 18, 2007 |access-date=Nov 2, 2023 |website=Wild Salmon Center}}

• [http://www.chukotka.org/en/tourism/about_tourism/kind_of_tourism/ "Tourist and environmental information"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901060538/http://www.chukotka.org/en/tourism/about_tourism/kind_of_tourism/ |date=2010-09-01 }} Chukotka Autonomous Okrug website, in English
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071018001037/http://wildsalmoncenter.org/pops/AnadyrRiver.php "Russia Far East: Anadyr River" Wild Salmon Center]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080510105121/http://www.wildsalmoncenter.org/RapidAssessments/AnadyrRapidAssessment.pdf Anadyr River Watershed]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090305111407/http://www.faculty.uaf.edu/ffpag/snezhnoe.html "Snezhnoye: a village on the Anadyr' River"]

Category:Rivers of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Category:Drainage basins of the Bering Sea