Anchitheriomys

{{Short description|Extinct genus of rodents}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = early Oligocene to middle Miocene

| image = Anchitheriomys.JPG

| image_caption = Fossil

| taxon = Anchitheriomys

| authority = Roger, 1885

| type_species = †Anchitheriomys weidemanni

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision =

• †A. fluminis
• †A. nanus
• †A. senrudi
• †A. stouti
• †A. tungurensis
• †A. weidemanni
• †A. buceei

| synonyms =

• Amblycastor Matthew, 1918

}}

Anchitheriomys is an extinct member of the beaver family, Castoridae. It inhabited North America and Eurasia during the middle Miocene.{{cite journal|last1=Stefen|first1=Clara|last2=Mörs|first2=Thomas|title=The Beaver Anchitheriomys from the Miocene of Central Europe|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=82|issue=5|year=2008|pages=1009–1020|issn=0022-3360|doi=10.1666/06-049.1|bibcode=2008JPal...82.1009S }} The name of the genus comes from Anchitherium, an extinct genus of horses, and the Greek word for mouse, μῦς (mys), thus meaning "Anchitherium's mouse", because the fossils of both genera usually co-occur.

Until recently, Anchitheriomys was placed in a closely related family of rodents, the Eutypomyidae,*{{Citation | last1 =McKenna | first1 =Malcolm C. | last2 =Bell | first2 =Susan K. | year =1997 | title =Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level | publication-place =New York | publisher =Columbia University Press | isbn =0-231-11013-8}} but a partial skull shows similarities to another early beaver, Agnotocastor.*{{Citation| last1 =Korth| first1 =William W. | last2 =Emry | first2 =Robert J. | year =1997 | title =The skull of Anchitheriomys and a new subfamily of beavers (Castoridae, Rodentia) | periodical =Journal of Paleontology | volume =71 | issue =2 | pages =343–347| doi =10.1017/S0022336000039251 | bibcode =1997JPal...71..343K }}