And Can It Be

Charles Wesley (1707–1788), along with his brother John Wesley, was one of the founding figures of Methodism. Like his brother, he was profoundly influenced by a religious conversion. Charles's experience took place on 21 May 1738 (the feast of Pentecost), and it inspired him to write two new hymns, "And Can It Be that I Should Gain" and "Where Shall My Wondering Soul Begin?". After this, Charles went on to become a prolific hymnodist, composing over 6,500 hymns.{{cite book |last1=Hunton |first1=William Lee |title=Favorite hymns; stories of the origin, authorship, and use of hymns we love |date=1917 |publisher=Philadelphia, The General Council Publication House |page=[https://archive.org/details/favoritehymnsst00huntgoog/page/n140 94]-97 |url=https://archive.org/details/favoritehymnsst00huntgoog}}{{cite web |title=Hymnology |url=https://hymnology.hymnsam.co.uk/a/and-can-it-be-that-i-should-gain |website=hymnology.hymnsam.co.uk |access-date=5 March 2021}}

The original six-verse hymn "And Can It Be?" was first published in 1739 in John Wesley's hymnal, Hymns and Sacred Poems, with the title "Free Grace".

The hymn remains popular today and is included in many contemporary hymn books. In 2013, following a survey conducted by the BBC Television programme Songs of Praise, "And Can It Be?" was voted number 6 in the UK's Top 100 Hymns.{{cite web |title=2013: The UK's Top 100 Hymns |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/42TSJ0LNMfp0h0wNvxqlw93/2013-the-uks-top-100-hymns |website=www.bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC Songs of Praise |access-date=5 March 2021}} Diarmaid MacCulloch suggests that the hymn is one of the best-loved of Wesley's six thousand hymns.Diarmaid MacCulloch, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yaU-cpc8sWgC&pg=PT754 A History of Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years], p. 754.

"And Can It Be?" was the source for Phillips, Craig & Dean's 2003 Contemporary Christian song "You Are My King (Amazing Love)". The Newsboys' cover of the song reached No. 1 on the Billboard Christian songs chart.{{cite book |last1=Reese |first1=Martha Grace |last2=Weaks |first2=Dawn Darwin |last3=Caffey |first3=Catherine Riddle |title=Unbinding Your Church: Pastor's Guide (Green Ribbon) |date=January 2008 |publisher=Chalice Press |isbn=978-0-8272-3806-0 |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbI28tDrqCQC&dq=You+Are+My+King+(Amazing+Love)+chris+tomlin+wesley&pg=PA110 |access-date=5 March 2021 |language=en}}{{cite magazine |title=Hot Christian Songs Chart - week of December 20, 2003|date=20 December 2003 |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/christian-songs/2003-12-20 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=5 March 2021}}

File:Liberazione di san pietro 03.jpg (1514 fresco by Raphael, Vatican Museums)]]

The title and first lines of the hymn are framed as a rhetorical question written in the first person, in which the narrator/singer asks if he can benefit from the sacrifice of Jesus (the blood of Christ), despite being the cause of Christ's death. The hymn makes reference to several biblical events, and each verse returns to the individual's experience of faith and personal salvation.{{cite journal |last1=Clarke |first1=Martin |title="And can it be": analysing the words, music and contexts of an iconic Methodist hymn. |journal=Yale Journal of Music & Religion |date=2016 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=article no. 2 |url=https://oro.open.ac.uk/44679/1/And%20can%20it%20be.pdf |access-date=5 March 2021 |publisher=Open University|doi=10.17132/2377-231X.1023 }}

The second verse expresses amazement at the apparent paradox of the death of the immortal Christ — "'Tis mystery all! Th'Immortal dies!" — referring to the New Testament accounts of the Passion of Jesus. The following verse celebrates the Incarnation of Jesus and borrows a verse from Philippians 2:6-8, "Emptied himself of all but Love, and bled for Adam's helpless race".{{cite web |title=History of Hymns: "And Can It Be That I Should Gain" |url=https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/history-of-hymns-and-can-it-be-that-i-should-gain |website=Discipleship Ministries |access-date=5 March 2021}}

In the fourth verse ("My chains fell off"), Wesley makes reference to the imprisonments of both Saint Peter and Saint Paul — the Liberation of Peter in Acts 12 and the Liberation of Paul in Acts 16 — as metaphors for the narrator's liberation from sin.Blair Gilmer Meeks, Expecting the Unexpected: An Advent Devotional Guide (Upper Room Books, 2006), p. 38.

{{wikisourcepar|And Can It Be}} With the line "Thine eye diffused a quickening ray", Wesley describes the liberating power of God descending on the captive soul using words closely based on a line from Alexander Pope's 1717 poem Eloisa to Abelard:

:Thy eyes diffus'd a reconciling ray,

:And gleams of glory brighten'd all the day.

The fifth verse uses words from Romans 8:1 to describe the doctrine of Justification by faith — "No condemnation now I dread" — and looks forward to the believer receiving a crown in heaven after death.

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Early publications of "And Can It Be" set the hymn to a variety of tunes. One of the first settings was to the tune {{sc1|Surrey}}, composed by the songwriter and dramatist Henry Carey.{{cite web |last1=Scotland |first1=The Church of |title=And can it be, that I should gain |url=https://music.churchofscotland.org.uk/hymn/396-and-can-it-be-that-i-should-gain |publisher=Church of Scotland |access-date=5 March 2021 |language=en}} In A Collection of Tunes, Set to Music, as they are commonly sung at the Foundery (1742) the hymn was set to Samuel Akeroyde's tune {{sc1|Crucifixion}}, and in the 1786 edition of A Collection of Hymns, the tune {{sc1|Birmingham}} was specified.

In Britain the hymn is most commonly sung to the tune {{sc1|Sagina (Pearlwort)}}, which was composed by Yorkshireman Thomas Campbell (1800–1876). It was first published in 1825 in his hymnal The Bouquet: a collection of tunes composed and adapted to Wesley's Hymns; the floral title referred to Campbell's tunes all being given botanical names. {{sc1|Sagina}}, named after Sagina, a small flowering plant, was published to accompany a translation by John Wesley of a German hymn by Johann Scheffler, "Thee will I love, my strength, my tow'r" ("Ich will dich lieben, meine Stärke"){{cite book |last1=Humphreys |first1=Maggie |last2=Evans |first2=Robert |title=Dictionary of Composers for the Church in Great Britain and Ireland |date=January 1997 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-0-7201-2330-2 |page=56 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WSLUAwAAQBAJ |access-date=5 March 2021 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=Tune: SAGINA |url=https://hymnary.org/tune/sagina_campbell |website=Hymnary.org |access-date=5 March 2021 |language=en}}

"And Can It Be" was paired with the tune {{sc1|Fillmore}} in hymnals of the Methodist Episcopal Church"The Methodist Hymnal", The Methodist Publishing House: Nashville, 1966, hymn 527 until the 1989 publication of The United Methodist Hymnal,"The United Methodist Hymnal", The United Methodist Publishing House: Nashville, 1989, Hymn 363 where it was first paired with {{sc1|Sagina}}, which has since become the most firmly established tune for the hymn. Musicologist Percy Scholes characterises this type of tune as "Old Methodist" and considers that its style may have been influenced by the popular choruses of George Frideric Handel.

{{reflist}}

• {{ChoralWiki|text=Sagina (Thomas Campbell (composer))|title=And Can It Be (Sagina)}}
• Hymnary.org, [http://www.hymnary.org/text/and_can_it_be_that_i_should_gain And Can It Be, That I Should Gain?]

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Category:English Christian hymns

Category:18th-century Christian texts

Category:Hymns by Charles Wesley

Category:1738 works

Category:Protestant hymns

Category:18th-century hymns