Andean pygmy owl
{{Short description|Species of owl}}
{{use mdy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2021}}
{{speciesbox
| image = Andean Pygmy-owl (Glaucidium jardinii) in tree.jpg
| image_caption = Upper Tandayapa Valley, NW Ecuador
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = {{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}
| genus = Glaucidium
| species = jardinii
| authority = (Bonaparte, 1855)
| synonyms =
| range_map = Glaucidium jardinii map.svg
| range_map_caption = Distribution of Andean pygmy owl {{leftlegend|Green|Resident}}
}}
The Andean pygmy owl (Glaucidium jardinii) is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |last1=Gill |first1= F. |last2=Donsker|first2=D.|last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |access-date=July 14, 2021 }}
Taxonomy and systematics
The Andean pygmy owl is monotypic.
Description
The Andean pygmy owl is {{convert|15|to|16|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. Males weigh {{convert|54.9|to|77.4|g|oz|1|abbr=on}} and females {{convert|54.6|to|75|g|oz|1|abbr=on}}. It has two distinct color morphs; in one the head, most of the body, wings, and tail are dull dark brown with white markings and in the other the same areas are dark chestnut with buff markings. In both the crown has small white dots. They have white "brows" over yellow eyes, white "moustaches", and a broad white throat. Their nape has a black and white face-like pattern. Their backs have spots and the tail bars, white or buff respectively. The sides of the breast are dark brown or chestnut with pale markings; the white breast and belly have heavy dark brown or chestnut streaks.Holt, D. W., R. Berkley, C. Deppe, P. L. Enríquez, J. L. Petersen, J. L. Rangel Salazar, K. P. Segars, K. L. Wood, and J. S. Marks (2020). Andean Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium jardinii), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.anpowl1.01 retrieved September 5, 2021
Distribution and habitat
The Andean pygmy owl is found in far western Venezuela and the central and western Andes of Colombia south through Ecuador to central Peru. It inhabits a variety of mountain landscapes including cloudforest, elfin forest, Polylepis woodland, and sometimes more open landscapes like forest edge and pastures with scattered trees. It is found from the middle levels of the forest to the canopy. In elevation it ranges from about {{convert|1500|to|3500|m|ft|abbr=on}} in Colombia and somewhat higher in Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru.
Behavior
=Feeding=
The Andean pygmy owl is active both day and night. Its diet is invertebrates, small birds, and small mammals.
=Breeding=
The Andean pygmy owl's breeding phenology is poorly known. It nests in tree cavities such as old woodpecker holes. The clutch size is usually three.