Anders Wiberg

{{Infobox person

| name = Anders Wiberg

| image = Anders Wiberg LCCN2003656542.jpg

| caption = Anders Wiberg c. 18 November 1895. {{Credit|E. Rosén}}

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1816|07|17|df=y}}

| birth_place = Vi, Hälsingland, Sweden

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1887|11|05|1816|07|17|df=y}}

| death_place = Stockholm, Sweden

| occupation = Preacher, missionary

| movement = Baptist Church

}}

Anders Wiberg (17 July 1816 – 5 November 1887) was a preacher, missionary, and leader of the early Swedish Baptist movement.

Life

= Early life and influences =

Wiberg was born on 17 July 1816 in Vi in Hälsingtuna parish, Hälsingland, Sweden. He was educated at Uppsala University{{Cite web|last=Lindvall|first=Magnus|title=ANDERS WIBERG {{!}} VÄCKELSEMAN OCH SAMFUNDSLEDARE|url=http://www.baptist.hvall.com/Content/Historik/Wiberg.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119231558/http://www.baptist.hvall.com/Content/Historik/Wiberg.htm|archive-date=2012-01-19|language=sv}} and became a priest in the Church of Sweden. The growing pietist and Reader (läsare) movements in the Scandinavian countries were an influence on him. Wiberg, like fellow Lutheran-turned-Baptist-pioneer Gustaf Palmquist, was a friend of pietist preacher Carl Olof Rosenius.{{Cite book|last1=Jakobsson Byström|first1=Jakob|url=https://ia800706.us.archive.org/22/items/MN42023ucmf_6/MN42023ucmf_6.pdf|title=Betelseminariet 1866-1926; porträtt och kortfattade biografiska uppgifter över lärare och elever samt ledamöter av styrelseutskottet, utg. till sextioårsjubileet den 7 juni 1926.|last2=Hedvall|first2=Fredrik Emanuel|date=1926|publisher=Föreningen Betelseminariet|others=Betelseminariet (Stockholm, Sweden)|edition=2nd|location=Stockholm|language=sv|oclc=6101156}} He was also influenced by Methodist missionary George Scott and Lars Vilhelm Henschen, a champion of religious freedom.{{Cite web|last=Gladh|first=Henrik|title=Lars Vilhelm Henschen|url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=12890|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-20|website=Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon – National Archives of Sweden|language=sv|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212004723/https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=12890 |archive-date=2017-02-12 }} Wiberg later came to know several of the figures in the growing Baptist revival movement and his views on the state church became more skeptical. Wiberg has been called the "pivotal link to the New World" and "in some ways a piece of ideological blotting paper" due to his connections with so many key figures in the Reader movement.{{Cite book |last=Akenson |first=Donald H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9PMcCMarydYC&pg=PA83 |title=Ireland, Sweden and the great European migration, 1815-1914 |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-7735-9078-6 |location=Montreal |pages=83 |oclc=820836036 |access-date=7 April 2022 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407082408/https://books.google.com/books?id=9PMcCMarydYC&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83 |url-status=live }} After a visit to preacher Johann Gerhard Oncken in Hamburg in 1851, Wiberg came to agree with Baptist teachings regarding baptism.

= Wiberg's influence =

He developed his teachings on baptism in the book {{Lang|sv|Vilken bör döpas och varuti består dopet}}? ('Who should be baptized and what does baptism consist of?') in 1852, which sparked a fierce debate in which Lars Anton Anjou, {{Interlanguage link|Lars Landgren|sv}} and Fredrik Gabriel Hedberg made high-profile contributions.{{Cite book|title=Svensk uppslagsbok|publisher=Svensk uppslagsboks förlag AB|year=1929|editor-last=Carlquist|editor-first=Gunnar|volume=2|location=Malmö|pages=42|language=sv}} The same year, on his journey to the United States, he was baptized by F. O. Nilsson in Copenhagen.

Wiberg spent three years in the United States to learn more about the Baptist movement there. He was ordained in New York in the Baptist Mariner's Church and then worked for the American Baptist Publication Society. While in Philadelphia, he married Caroline Lintemuth.{{Cite book|last=Schroeder|first=Gustavus Wilhelm|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofswedish00schr|title=History of the Swedish Baptists in Sweden and America: Being an account of the origin, progress and results of that missionary work during the last half of the nineteenth century|year=1898|isbn=978-3-337-72475-7|location=New York|oclc=1189509230}} He also wrote {{Lang|sv|Det kristliga dopet}} ('The Christian baptism') and {{Lang|sv|Är du döpt?}} ('Are you baptized?'), the first Swedish Baptist publications in the United States.{{Cite book |last1=Olson |first1=Ernst Wilhelm |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofswedeso01olso |title=History of the Swedes of Illinois: Part 1 |last2=Schön |first2=Anders |last3=Engberg |first3=Martin J. |date=1908 |publisher=Engberg-Holmberg |oclc=1032036835 |author-link=Ernst Olson}} Wiberg returned to Sweden in 1855 to find his writings had contributed to the movement's growth; there were now 500 Swedish Baptists, with 800 to 1000 formal conversions a year.{{Cite book|last=Bronson Titterington|first=Sophie|url=https://missiology.org.uk/pdf/e-books/titterington-s-p/century-of-baptist-missions.pdf|title=A Century of Baptist Foreign Missions: An Outline Sketch|publisher=American Baptist Publication Society|year=1891|location=Philadelphia|oclc=387528|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014113951/https://missiology.org.uk/pdf/e-books/titterington-s-p/century-of-baptist-missions.pdf|archive-date=2021-10-14}} He became the leader of the first Baptist church in Stockholm, founded the year before.{{Cite book|last=Westin|first=Gunnar|title=Den kristna friförsamlingen genom tiderna – Martyrer och frihetskämpar|publisher=Westerbergs|year=1955|pages=295|language=sv}} He began intensive work to strengthen the new movement throughout the country. Among his collaborators were brothers Johannes, Per, and Gustaf Palmquist. A confession of faith written by Wiberg was adopted, a training course for preachers was begun, and from 1856 the new movement had its own publication, {{Lang|sv|Evangelisten}}, edited by Wiberg. The publication and Wiberg's colporteur work were to play a large role in the spread of Baptist churches in Norway and Finland as well; his writings were brought to Åland and contributed to the start of the early Finnish Baptist movement. He also baptized some of the early founders of Baptist churches in Finland, siblings Viktor and Anna Heikel.{{Cite journal|last=Sundquist|first=Alfons|date=January 1954|title=Glimpses of the Baptist Work in Finland|url=https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/bmj/091.pdf|journal=The Fraternal|volume=91|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120100510/https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/bmj/091.pdf|archive-date=2022-01-20}}{{Cite book |last=Wiberg |first=Anders |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X38sAAAAYAAJ |title=Annual Report of the American Baptist Missionary Union |publisher=American Baptist Foreign Mission Society |year=1864 |chapter=Mission in Sweden |access-date=28 April 2022 |archive-date=28 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428113321/https://books.google.com/books?id=X38sAAAAYAAJ |url-status=live }}

In 1858, the Conventicle Act, which outlawed religious meetings other than those of the Lutheran Church of Sweden, was overturned. By the following year, the Baptists had grown to a total of 4,311 members in 95 churches, and almost 6,000 members in 1863.{{Cite book |last=Wyman |first=Mark |url=https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501732621-004 |title=Round-Trip to America: The Immigrants Return to Europe, 1880–1930 |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2018 |isbn=9781501732621 |location=Ithaca, NY |pages=179 |chapter=PART THREE. The Remigrant at Home. Churches, Traditions, and the Remigrant|doi=10.7591/9781501732621-004 |s2cid=243303311 }}

= Baptist Union and seminary =

Wiberg was one of the leaders who worked to gather the Swedish Baptist churches for their first general conference in 1857; this was to become the Baptist Union of Sweden in 1889. Speakers at the second conference included key Baptist figures Julius Köbner, John Howard Hinton, and Edward Steane.{{Cite journal|last=Lindvall|first=Magnus|date=October 1987|title=Anders Wiberg, Swedish Revivalist and Baptist Leader|url=https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/bq/32-4_172.pdf|journal=The Baptist Quarterly|volume=32|issue=4 |pages=172–180 |doi=10.1080/0005576X.1987.11751758 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625103842/https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/bq/32-4_172.pdf|archive-date=2021-06-25}} In 1866, the conference established a seminary, Bethel Seminary ({{Lang|sv|Betelseminariet}}), which he raised funds for through the American Baptist Missionary Union.{{Cite book|last=Larsson|first=Mats|url=http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:25551/FULLTEXT01.pdf|title=De "riktigt kristna", deras "wänner" och "motståndare" : en lokal- och frikyrkohistorisk studie av Askers baptistförsamlings identitet och mentalitet, 1858-1887|date=2007|publisher=Linköping University Electronic Press|others=LiU-Tryck|isbn=978-91-85831-24-1|location=Linköping|language=sv|oclc=277196809|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818115613/http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:25551/FULLTEXT01.pdf|archive-date=2018-08-18}}

= Death =

Wiberg died on 5 November 1887 in Stockholm.

Works

{{Lang|sv|Hvilken bör döpas och hvari består dopet}}? (1852, Uppsala)
{{Lang|sv|Det kristliga dopet}} (1854, Philadelphia)
{{Lang|sv|Den heliga skrifts lära om det christliga dopet}} (1855, Philadelphia) (also printed in Stockholm)
{{Lang|sv|Läran om helgelsen}} (1869)
{{Lang|sv|De kristnas enhet}} (1879)
{{Lang|sv|Svar på lektor Waldenströms skrift: Barndopets historia}} (1880)