Andi language

There are four main dialects, Munin, Rikvani, Kvanxidatl, and Gagatl, which appear quite divergent. However, the dialects can be said to vary between villages: the "upper-group" contains Andi, Gagatl, Rikvani, and Zilo (where Andi and Zilo are considered their own dialects), whereas the "lower-group" contains Munin and Kvanxidatl. The upper-group lacks the affricate sound {{lang|ani|кьI}}.

Andi has 43 consonants:{{Cite web |title=Consonant Systems of the North-East Caucasian Languages |url=https://armazi.uni-frankfurt.de/armaziII/c_laut/nekavar.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321175841/http://armazi.uni-frankfurt.de/armaziII/c_laut/nekavar.htm |archive-date=2007-03-21 |website=Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien}}

There are five vowels: {{IPA|/a, e, i, o, u/}}.

Although Andi is usually unwritten, there are attempts to write the language using Russian Cyrillic script. Speakers generally use Avar or Russian as their literary language(s).{{Cite web |title=Andi Language (ANI) |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ani/ |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}} There have been some 19th-century texts written in Andi.{{Cite book |last=Агларов |first=М.А. |title=Dagestanskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet: 1931-2001 gg |date=2001 |publisher=Izd-vo "I︠U︡piter" |isbn=978-5-7895-0041-5 |editor-last=Omarov |editor-first=O. A. |location=Makhachkala |script-title=ru:Андийцы: Историко-этнографическое исследование.}}

The 2015 translation of the Gospel of Luke uses the following alphabet: А а, Б б, В в, Г г, Гъ гъ, Гъгъ гъгъ, Гь гь, Д д, Е е, Ё ё, Ж ж, ЖӀ жӀ, З з, И и, Й й, К к, Кк кк, Къ къ, Кь кь, КӀ кӀ, КӀкӀ кӀкӀ, Л л, Лъ лъ, Лълъ лълъ, М м, Н н, О о, П п, Р р, С с, Сс сс, Т т, ТӀ тӀ, У у, Ф ф, Х х, Хх хх, Хъ хъ, Хь хь, Ц ц, Цц цц, ЦӀ цӀ, ЦӀцӀ цӀцӀ, Ч ч, Чч чч, ЧӀ чӀ, ЧӀчӀ чӀчӀ, Ш ш, Щ щ, ъ, ы, ь, Э э, Ю ю, Я я{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Лукашди босам рергьанольльи хабар |url=https://ibt.org.ru/ftpmirror/pub/ebook/AND/AND/1-%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B4%D0%B8%20%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B8%20%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%202015/Luke.pdf |website=Institute for Bible Translation |language=}}

A 2018 primer uses the following alphabet:{{ISBN|978-5-7696-5284-4}}

Andi has 7 different series of localization: the meaning "inside" changes by number (singular {{lang|ani|-ла/-а}}, plural {{lang|ani|-хъи}}: {{lang|ani|гьакъу-ла}} 'in a home', {{lang|ani|гьакъоба-хъи}} 'in houses'). Number categories are expressed through ablaut ({{lang|ani|имуво воцци в-усон}} 'The father found the brother', but {{lang|ani|имуво воццул в-осон}} 'The father found the brothers'). In the village Andi, there is a difference between the speech of men and women; a man will say, for example, {{lang|ani|дин}} meaning 'I', {{lang|ani|мин}} meaning 'you', {{lang|ani|гьекIа}} 'person', but a woman will say {{lang|ani|ден}} 'I', {{lang|ani|мен}} 'you', {{lang|ani|гьекIва}} 'person'.

{{reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite web |title=Andijskij Yazyk |url=http://www.philology.ru/linguistics4/alekseev-99b.htm}}

{{cite web |author1=Margus Kolga |author2=Igor Tõnurist |author3=Lembit Vaba |author4=Jüri Viikberg |title=The Andis |work=The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire |date=1993 |url=https://redbook.verbix.com/andis.shtml }}

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• {{cite journal |last1=Verhees |first1=Samira |title=Evidentiality in the Rikvani Dialect of Andi |journal=Iran and the Caucasus |date=2020 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=309–324 |doi=10.1163/1573384X-20200305 |s2cid=225502952 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ic/24/3/article-p309_5.xml|url-access=subscription }}
• {{cite book |last=Wixman |first=Ronald |title=The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook |location=Armonk, NY |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |year=1984 |page=11}}
• Церцвадзе Ил. Андийский яз. Тб., 1965 (на груз. яз.);
• [http://www.philology.ru/linguistics4/alekseev-99b.htm Алексеев М. Е. Андийский язык] // Языки мира. Кавказские языки. М., 1999.
• [http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=config&morpho=0&basename=\data\cauc\aandet&first=1 Этимология 1539 андийских слов в БД «StarLing database server» Sergei Starostin]
• [https://ibtrussia.org/en/] // The Book of Luke in Andi Language.
• [http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/andi1255] // Glottolog.org Language Map

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{{Northeast Caucasian languages}}

{{Languages of the Caucasus}}

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Category:Articles in class projects/Rutgers

Category:Northeast Caucasian languages

Category:Andic languages

Category:Languages of Russia

Category:Endangered Caucasian languages

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