Andreas Jaszlinszky

Andreas Jaszlinszky (September 1715 – January 1783) was the Hungarian author of the early physics textbooks Institutiones physicae pars prima, seu physica generalis (Trnava/Nagyszombat, 1756/1761, 471 pp) and Institutiones physicae pars altera, seu physica particularis (Trnava/Nagyszombat, 1756/1761, 341 pp).{{Cite web |url=http://www.svkri.hr/katalog/abc_j/html/JASZLINSZKY%20ANDREAS_001.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-07-04 |archive-date=2007-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821220240/http://www.svkri.hr//katalog/abc_j/html/JASZLINSZKY%20ANDREAS_001.html |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://lexikon.katolikus.hu/J/Jaszlinszky.html|title=Jaszlinszky – Magyar Katolikus Lexikon|publisher=}}{{cite web|url=http://www.omikk.bme.hu/tudtort/28/fejezet-5.html|title=Hungarikumok a BME OMIKK muzeális gyűjteményében|publisher=}}Petrik, Geza. Magyarország bibliographiája, 1712-1860. Budapest, 1890, p268.CSAPODI CSABA: TERMÉSZETFILOZÓFIA–FIZIKA A NAGYSZOMBATI EGYETEMEN A FELVILÁGOSODÁS IDŐSZAKÁBANhttps://mek.oszk.hu/05300/05392/pdf/Csapodi_Fizika_Nagyszombat.pdfSZINNYEI JÓZSEF: MAGYAR ÍRÓK ÉLETE ÉS MUNKÁI, https://mek.oszk.hu/03600/03630/html/Új magyar életrajzi lexikon, Markó László. Bp., Magyar Könyvklub. I. (2001)

Biography

File:Jaszlinszky-Physica-Generalis-TP.JPG

File:Jaszlinszky Physica Particularis TP.jpg

Jaszlinszky was born in September 1715 in Abaújszina (Kingdom of Hungary, modern-day Slovakia). He joined the Jesuits (October 1733 in Trenčín) and published his physics textbooks as a professor at the University of Trnava, where he taught philosophy, metaphysics, history, ethics, physics and theology.Hurter, H. Nomenclator Literarius. 1883.{{cite web

|url=http://mek.oszk.hu/05300/05392/pdf/Csapodi_Fizika_Nagyszombat.pdf |title=Digitalizálták a Magyar Tudománytörténeti Intézet munkatársai, Gazda István vezetésével|website=oszk.hu|access-date=11 April 2023|language=hu}}O'Neill, C.E. & J.M. Dominguez. Diccionario historico de la compania de Jesus. p2140, 2001. At that time, the University of Trnava was one of the major Jesuit universities in Eastern Europe (and the only university in the Kingdom of Hungary), along with Braunsberg, Lemberg, Vilnius, and Prague.de Ridder-Symoens, H. & W. Ruegg. A History of the University in Europe: Volume 2, Universities in Early Modern Europe (1500 - 1800). Cambridge, 2003. Publication of Physica Generalis and Physica Particularis occurred in response to a 1753 order from Maria Theresa (Habsburg ruler in Vienna) requiring every professor to write textbooks instead of dictating lecture notes, which created a surge of works by Adanyi, Jaszlinszky, Reviczky, Radics, and Horvath.{{cite web|url=http://www.kfki.hu/chemonet/hun/olvaso/histchem/legenda/egyetem/nagyszombat.html|title=A természettudomány a nagyszombati egyetemen|publisher=}}{{cite web|url=http://mek.niif.hu/05100/05114/pdf/batta_latin.pdf |title=Batta István (1882–1926): a magyarországi latin nyelvű Fizikai Irodalom Törtenete|website=niif.hu|access-date=11 April 2023|language=hu}} Jaszlinszky became rector of the university in 1771, and after the Suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1773, he became canon in Rozsnyó.Augustin, P. & A. deBacker. Bibliotheque des Ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jesus. Liege, 1859. He was a contemporary of Johann Baptiste Horvath, Leopold Biwald, and Joseph Redlhamer.{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/MN42043ucmf_0/MN42043ucmf_0_djvu.txt|title=Full text of "Die pflege der philosophie im Jesuitenorden während des 17./18. jahrhunderts [microform]"|year=1938}} He died in January 1783 in Rozsnyó.

These Latin physics textbooks each contain eight plates with descriptions and images of a variety of contemporary physics devices including manometers (fluid statics), lenses/prisms (refraction), and various simple machines.http://info.fuw.edu.pl/~akw/Fizyka_oswiecenia_cz_2_druk.pdf{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web|url=http://siorpc12.chem.pg.gda.pl/dydaktyka/chnorg/cw_prawa_gazowe.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-07-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205005433/http://siorpc12.chem.pg.gda.pl/dydaktyka/chnorg/cw_prawa_gazowe.pdf |archivedate=2009-02-05 }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.bjt.ro/bv/BJTimis/catalogexpo2005.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-07-15 |archive-date=2010-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100216145503/http://www.bjt.ro/bv/BJTimis/catalogexpo2005.pdf |url-status=dead }} Coverage of electricity is relatively sparse, although many other diverse topics are surveyed, including mechanics, magnetism, celestial mechanics, fluid drag experiments, mineralogy, and human anatomy.Morovics, M.T. & A. Sperka.The beginnings of scientific interests in electrical phenomena in Hungarian Kingdom. ICESHS, 2006.{{cite book|url=https://openlibrary.org/b/OL18487857M/Institutiones-physicae|title=Institutiones physicae (Open Library)|year=1756|publisher=Typis Academicis Societatis Jesu|ol=18487857M }}{{cite web|url=http://www.nhmus.hu/~pappmin/cikkek/2008-1800%20elotti%20dragakovek-MEK.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-07-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716175013/http://www.nhmus.hu/~pappmin/cikkek/2008-1800%20elotti%20dragakovek-MEK.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-16 }} Extensive bibliographical references are provided.{{cite web|url=http://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/history/citations/citations.html|title=Science Citation Index A.D. 1758|publisher=}}Wroblewski, A.K. The Art of Bibliometrics. Siegen, 2001.

These textbooks (1750s) at least somewhat ambiguously reflect incorrect Cartesian vortex mechanics, rather than the correct Newtonian mechanics fully embraced by Johann Baptiste Horvath (1770s).Dobrzycki, Jerzy (ed). The Reception of Copernicus' Heliocentric Theory. Kluwer, 1973, pp349-352.History of Physics{{cite web|url=http://mek.niif.hu/05400/05460/pdf/MZemplen_felvideki_fizikaoktatasa.pdf |title=M. Zemplen Jolan (1911–1974): a fizika művelése és oktatása a felvidéken a XVIII. Században|website=niif.hu|access-date=11 April 2023|language=hu}} Indeed, modern Newtonian mechanics (1687) was only widely accepted in Hungary by the 1760s and 1770s.Berend, I.T. History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century. University of California Press, 2005, p33. Between 1616 and 1759, three years after first publication of Physica Generalis and Physica Particularis, Jesuit scientists could not publish textbooks overtly favoring Copernican models of the Solar System, although the heliocentric theory was allowed to be presented along with other theories (for example Ptolemaic as shown below in Plate 1 of Physica Particularis). However, since Nagyszombat had an astronomical observatory (1755–1773), historians speculate that local Jesuit professors would have observed phenomena that would have convinced them that heliocentrism was correct.Casanovas, J. The Teaching of Astronomy in Jesuit Colleges in the 18th Century. PADEU, 16, 57, 2006. Indeed, Jaszlinszky essentially rejected the Ptolemaic approach.{{cite web|url=http://tbeck.beckground.hu/filo/htm/6/602_belso.htm|title=Recepció És Kreativítás - Nyitott magyar kultúra|access-date=2009-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721104434/http://tbeck.beckground.hu/filo/htm/6/602_belso.htm|archive-date=2011-07-21|url-status=dead}}

Jaszlinszky was also the author of Tractatus Theologicus de Angelis, Beatitudine et Actibus Humanis (Trnava, 1762/1769, 574 pp) and possibly Geographica (1761), in addition to Institutiones logicae (Trnava, 1754, 164 pp) and Institutiones metaphysicae (Trnava, 1755, 288 pp), consistent with how the Ratio Studiorum (1599) was applied following Christopher Clavius.{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jNg-AAAAcAAJ&q=andreas+jaszlinszky&pg=PA1|title=Institutiones metaphysicae, in usum Discipulorum concinnatae|publisher=|last1=Jaszlinszki|first1=Andreas|year=1756}}{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=atg-AAAAcAAJ&q=andreas+jaszlinszky&pg=PP1|title=Institutiones Logicae|publisher=|last1=Jaszlinszki|first1=Andreas|year=1761}}http://www.ilab.org/db/detail.php?lang=es&booknr=354779362{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web|url=http://80.250.173.141/RAREBOOK/makecard.asp?ini%3D12792%26interval%3D20 |title=Titles list |accessdate=2009-07-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531063453/http://80.250.173.141/RAREBOOK/makecard.asp?ini=12792&interval=20 |archivedate=2011-05-31 }}{{cite web |url=http://80.250.173.141/RAREBOOK/makecard.asp?ini=12796&interval=20 |title=Titles list |website=80.250.173.141 |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531063459/http://80.250.173.141/RAREBOOK/makecard.asp?ini=12796&interval=20 |archive-date=31 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofcolle00cambrich/catalogueofcolle00cambrich_djvu.txt|title=Full text of "Catalogue of a collection of books on logic presented to the library by John Venn .."|year=1889 |publisher=Cambridge [Printed at the University Press]}}{{cite web|url=http://www.antiqbook.be/boox/garcia/280.shtml|title=Institutiones Logicae, in Usum Discipulorum Concinnatae. Together with: Institutiones Metaphysicae ...|author=Jaszlinszky Andrea|publisher=|access-date=4 July 2009|archive-date=6 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706132526/http://www.antiqbook.be/boox/garcia/280.shtml|url-status=dead}}

A copy of Physica Generalis is provided by Google Books.{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxs5AAAAMAAJ&q=andreas+jaszlinszky|title=Institutiones physicae ... a r.p. Andrea Jaszlinszky ...|publisher=|year=1971}} Images of the textbook title pages are also available.{{cite web|url=http://www.axioart.com/index.php?op=live_item&id=351333|title=Jaszlinszky[András], Andreas: Institutiones physicae.|publisher=}} Each of these textbooks is worth approximately $150 depending on condition.International League of Antiquarian Booksellers @ {{cite web|url=http://www.ilab.org/services/searchform.php |title=Antiquarian Books :: ILAB-LILA :: International League of Antiquarian Booksellers |accessdate=2009-07-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509062742/http://www.ilab.org/services/searchform.php |archivedate=2008-05-09 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchEntry|title=Book Search|publisher=}}Antiquarian Booksellers' Association of America @ {{cite web|url=http://search.abaa.org/dbp2/searchform.php |title=ABAA Antiquarian Booksellers Association of America |accessdate=2009-07-18 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701041121/http://search.abaa.org/dbp2/searchform.php |archivedate=2009-07-01 }}