Andreas Musculus

{{Short description|German Lutheran theologian (1514-1581)}}

{{infobox person

| name = Andreas Musculus

| image = Andreas Musculus.jpg

| caption = Andreas Musculus with rosary

| birth_name = Andreas Meusel

| birth_date = 29 November 1514

| birth_place = Schneeberg

| death_date = {{death date and age|1581|09|29|1514|11|29|df=y}}

| death_place = Frankfurt an der Oder

| occupation = Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer

}}

Andreas Musculus (Latinized for Andreas Meusel; 29 November 1514 – 29 September 1581) was a German Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer.

Musculus was born in Schneeberg, "generally called only Musculus"Memoirs of the Queens of Prussia

By Emma Willsher Atkinson, page 8, available in Google Books and educated in Leipzig and Wittenberg. While studying theology in Wittenberg he attended lectures by Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon and married a sister-in-law of Johannes Agricola.{{cite chapter|chapter=Andreas Musculus and Michael Neander|author=Markus Matthias|page=201|title=Protestants and Mysticism in Reformation Europe|date=2019|publisher=Brill Publishers|location=Leiden and Boston|editor1=Ronald K. Rittgers|editor2=Vincent Evener}} He became professor at the university of Frankfurt an der Oder. As a theologian he was Gnesio-Lutheran and wrote polemics against the Interim, Andreas Osiander the Elder, Franciscus Stancarus, Philipp Melanchthon and John Calvin.[http://www.lcms.org/ca/www/cyclopedia/02/display.asp?t1=M&word=MUSCULUS.ANDREAS Andreas Musculus] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050427224856/http://www.lcms.org/ca/www/cyclopedia/02/display.asp?t1=M&word=MUSCULUS.ANDREAS |date=April 27, 2005 }} in the Christian Cyclopedia.

Musculus was one of the co-authors of the Formula of Concord. He was also one of the most remarkable defenders of Eucharistic adoration in early Lutheranism. His main work on this subject is Propositiones de vera, reali et substantiali praesentia, Corporis & Sanguinis IESU Christi in Sacramento Altaris, Francofordiae ad Oderam, 1573 (thesis IX: An adoratio Christi praesentis in coena sit approbanda). He also edited prayer books with the classical hymns for the adoration of the Sacrament [http://members.aol.com/SemperRef/venerable.html/]. E.g. his Precationes ex veteribus orthodoxis included Lauda Sion and Pange lingua.Hardt, Tom G. A. Venerabilis et adorabilis Eucharistia. En Studie i den lutherska Nattvardsläran under 1500-talet. Acta Universitatis Uppsaliensis, Studia Doctrinae Christianae Upsaliensia 9 (Uppsala 1971.) p. 249 He died in Frankfurt an der Oder.