Andrew Huang (hacker)

Huang was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States to mainland Chinese parents who fled to Taiwan at a young age during the Chinese communist revolution. Huang's father was born in Central China. Huang's mother was born in Beijing to a Han Chinese father and a Mongol mother. Huang has two sisters and is the middle child of his family.{{Cite web |url=http://web.mit.edu/bunnie/www/history.html |access-date=2022-08-15 |website=web.mit.edu |title=A Brief History of Me}}

Huang attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1992, earning a Ph.D in electrical engineering in 2002.{{Cite web|last=Torrone|first=Phillip|date=2012-04-30|title=MAKE's Exclusive Interview with Andrew (bunnie) Huang - The End of Chumby, New Adventures {{!}} Make|url=http://makezine.com/2012/04/30/makes-exclusive-interview-with-andrew-bunnie-huang-the-end-of-chumby-new-adventures/|access-date=2016-06-09|website=Make}} He stated that he had "flipped a coin" to determine whether to pursue biology or electronics.{{Cite web|url=https://theblueprint.com/stories/andrew-huang/|title=An interview with Andrew Huang|website=The Blueprint|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819034854/https://theblueprint.com/stories/andrew-huang/|archive-date=August 19, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}

The nickname "bunnie" is short for "vorpalbunnie", a reference to the creature in both Monty Python and the Holy Grail and Moria, that he used as a BBS screen name.{{Cite web|url=https://features.slashdot.org/story/14/08/21/0334254/interviews-andrew-bunnie-huang-answers-your-questions|title=Interviews: Andrew "bunnie" Huang Answers Your Questions - Slashdot|website=Slashdot|date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=2016-06-09}}

Huang was the hardware lead at Chumby; his responsibilities included the design and production of Chumby devices, as well as the strategic planning and ecosystem development of the broader Chumby hardware platform.

As a leader at the Ministry of Mobile Affairs, Andrew Huang oversaw the ambitious MoMA Eve handheld game console.{{cite web |title=VIA Technologies, Inc. |url=http://www.via.com.tw/en/resources/pressroom/2004_archive/pr040513moma.jsp |access-date=4 November 2020 |date=23 October 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041023000115/http://www.via.com.tw/en/resources/pressroom/2004_archive/pr040513moma.jsp |archive-date=October 23, 2004 }}{{cite news |title=New "Mobile Console" Plays PC Games - ExtremeTech |url=https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/56346-new-mobile-console-plays-pc-games?print |newspaper=Extremetech |date=May 12, 2004 |access-date=4 November 2020|last1=Hachman |first1=Mark }}

He has completed several major projects, ranging from hacking the Xbox, to designing the world's first fully integrated photonic-silicon chips running at 10 Gbit/s with Luxtera, Inc., to building some of the first prototype hardware for silicon nanowire device research with Caltech. Huang has also participated in the design of wireless transceivers for use in 802.11b and Bluetooth networks with Mobilian, graphics chips at Silicon Graphics, digital cinema codecs at Qualcomm, and autonomous robotic submarines during the 1999 competition held by the AUVSI that the MIT team won. He is also responsible for the "un-design" of many security systems, with an appetite for the challenge of digesting silicon-based hardware security.

Huang was scheduled to appear as an expert witness in the trial United States v. Crippen to determine whether or not modding an Xbox violates sections of the DMCA.{{cite news|last=Kravets|first=David|title=Threat Level Privacy, Crime and Security Online Previous post Next post Prosecutors Seek to Block Xbox Hacking Pioneer From Trial|url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/10/xbox-modder-tria/|access-date=May 1, 2011|newspaper=Wired|date=October 21, 2010}} The case was dropped suddenly on the third day of trial before the jury sat by the US federal authorities who had initiated the action.{{cite news|last=Kravets|first=David|title=Prosecutors Dismiss Xbox-Modding Case Mid-Trial|url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/crippen-dismissed/|access-date=May 1, 2011|newspaper=Wired|date=December 2, 2010}} The case was dismissed before Huang was called to give testimony.

He also created the open hardware Safecast Geiger Counter Reference Design, as a volunteer effort in response to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, tsunami, and ensuing meltdown of Fukushima Daiichi.{{cite web|url=http://boingboing.net/2012/03/15/bunnie-huangs-open-geiger-co.html|title=Bunnie Huang's open Geiger counter: design notes and reference|last=Doctorow|first=Cory|date=2012-03-15|publisher=Boing Boing}}{{cite web|url=http://geigercounter.com/soul-geiger-counter/|title=Inside the Heart and Soul of a new Geiger counter|last=Sythe|first=Dan|date=2012-09-27|publisher=Geiger Counter Bulletin}} A project in collaboration with Jie Qi of the MIT Media Lab is Circuit Stickers, a peel-and-stick circuit system for crafting electronics.{{cite web|url=http://www.crowdsupply.com/chibitronics/circuit-stickers|title=Circuit Stickers|publisher=Crowd Supply|author=Chibitronics}} Huang was interviewed on Dave Jones' The Amp Hour in episode #84, where he talked about his electronics work in China and reverse engineering.{{cite web|url=http://www.theamphour.com/the-amp-hour-84-bunnies-bibelot-bonification/|title=The Amp Hour #84 - An Interview with Bunnie Huang - Bunnie's Bibelot Bonification|date=February 28, 2012|work=The Amp Hour|access-date=22 December 2013}}

Huang is a member of the advisory board for Crowd Supply, the crowdfunding platform that he used for Novena and The Essential Guide to Electronics in Shenzhen.{{Cite web|url=https://www.crowdsupply.com/launch|title=Launch|website=Crowd Supply|access-date=2016-08-02|archive-date=November 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111093758/https://www.crowdsupply.com/launch|url-status=dead}}

; Xbox

Huang has a long and noted history with the reverse engineering and hacking of consumer products. His 2003 publication Hacking the Xbox: An Introduction to Reverse Engineering was one of the first published works regarding the reverse engineering of a high end consumer product. He faced significant legal pressure from Microsoft to not reveal the details of his exploits, and the book itself reveals that he had received a letter from MIT, where he was at the time a student, informing him of their disavowal of any association with his project. Additionally, his publisher John Wiley & Sons had rescinded their intent to publish the book.{{Cite book|url=http://cryptome.org/2013/03/hacking-digital-dissidence.pdf|title=Resistance, Liberation Technology and Human Rights in the Digital Age|last=Ziccardi|first=Giovanni|publisher=Springer Science+Business Media|year=2012|pages=110}}

In part because of this response by MIT to his work, when the Institute was again put at the forefront of controversy in their handling of the criminal prosecution brought against Aaron Swartz, and his subsequent suicide, Huang released the book for free through No Starch Press, remarking that "Without the right to tinker and explore, we risk becoming enslaved by technology; and the more we exercise the right to hack, the harder it will be to take that right away".{{Cite web|url=http://www.slashgear.com/xbox-hacker-bunnie-huang-makes-book-free-in-aaron-swartz-tribute-11273285/|title=Xbox hacker "bunnie" Huang makes book free in Aaron Swartz tribute|date=2013-03-11|website=SlashGear|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-09}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.nostarch.com/xboxfree|title=An open letter from bunnie, author of Hacking the Xbox|last=Huang|first=Andrew|date=March 2013|website=No Starch Press|access-date=2016-06-09}}

; Printer steganography

In 2005, Huang worked with a team from the Electronic Frontier Foundation to develop code that interprets printer steganography markings.{{Cite web|url=https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/printers/docucolor/|title=DocuColor Tracking Dot Decoding Guide|publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation|access-date=2015-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114074339/https://w2.eff.org/Privacy/printers/docucolor/|archive-date=January 14, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}

; Digital Content Protection

Huang created the NeTV in 2011, which was the first known public use of the High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) "master key". The device uses the master key to implement a video overlay on existing HDCP-protected links, in a fashion which purportedly does not violate the DMCA.{{cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/09/16/chumby_nettv_hack/|title=How gizmo maker's hack outflanked copyright trolls|last=Goodin|first=Dan|date=September 16, 2011|newspaper=The Register|access-date=September 17, 2011}} Both the hardware and firmware for the NeTV are openly available under the CC BY-SA license.Source code links at http://kosagi.com/w/index.php?title=NeTV_Main_Page

; MicroSD card vulnerabilities

File:Decapsulated microSD memory card lineup-genuine, questionable, and fake-counterfeit.jpg

He has also used reverse engineering techniques to reveal why certain MicroSD cards are poor in quality.{{cite news|last=Doctorow|first=Cory|title=Sleuthing uncovers the mystery of Kingston MicroSD cards' crappy QA|url=http://boingboing.net/2010/02/16/sleuthing-uncovers-t.html|access-date=May 1, 2011|newspaper=Boing Boing|date=Feb 16, 2010}}{{cite news|url=http://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/?page_id=1022|title=On MicroSD Problems|last=Huang|first=Andrew|newspaper=bunnie's blog|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825210911/http://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/?page_id=1022|archive-date=August 25, 2014}} In 2013, he presented results in collaboration with fellow Singapore developer Sean "xobs" Cross revealing methods to load arbitrary code into microSD cards via backdoors built into the embedded controller.{{cite web|title=The Exploration and Exploitation of an SD Memory Card|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPEzLNh5YIo|date=2013-12-29|author=bunnie and xobs|publisher=30c3

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710051319/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPEzLNh5YIo

|archive-date=2014-07-10

|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|url=http://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/?page_id=3592|title=On Hacking MicroSD Cards|last=Huang|first=Andrew|newspaper=bunnie's blog}}

; Cell phone privacy

On 21 July 2016, Huang and Edward Snowden, in a talk at MIT Media Lab's Forbidden Research event,{{YouTube|tfTByjDg_M0|Andrew Huang. Edward Snowden. 'Against the Law: Countering Lawful Abuses of Digital Surveillance'}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.media.mit.edu/events/forbidden-research/|title = Forbidden Research}} published research for an outboard computer embedded in a smartphone case, the so-called "Introspection Engine", that would monitor electrical signals received and sent by that phone, to provide an alert to the user, if their phone is transmitting or receiving information when it shouldn't be (for example, when it's turned off or in airplane mode), a feature described by Snowden to be useful for journalists or activists operating under hostile governments that would want to track their activities through their phones.{{Cite journal|url=https://www.tjoe.org/pub/direct-radio-introspection/release/2|title=Against the Law: Countering Lawful Abuses of Digital Surveillance|last1=Snowden|first1=Edward|last2=Huang|first2=Andrew (bunnie)|date=2016-07-21|journal=PubPub|access-date=2016-08-07|doi=10.21428/12268|doi-access=free}} [https://assets.pubpub.org/aacpjrja/AgainstTheLaw-CounteringLawfulAbusesofDigitalSurveillance.pdf pdf] [https://www.tjoe.org/pub/direct-radio-introspection/download/pdf pdf]{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2016/07/21/edward-snowdens-new-research-aims-to-keep-smartphones-from-betraying-their-owners/|title=Edward Snowden's New Research Aims to Keep Smartphones From Betraying Their Owners|last=Lee|first=Micah|date=2016-07-21|website=The Intercept|access-date=2016-08-07}}{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/07/snowden-designs-device-warn-iphones-radio-snitches/|title=Snowden Designs a Device to Warn if Your iPhone's Radios Are Snitching|last=Greenberg|first=Andy|date=July 21, 2016|magazine=Wired|language=en-US|access-date=2016-08-07}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/21/phone-case-privacy-data-monitor-bluetooth-wifi-snowden-introspection-engine|title=Edward Snowden designs phone case to show when data is being monitored|last=Mott|first=Nathaniel|date=2016-07-21|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-08-07}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/07/22/edward-snowden-co-designs-an-iphone-case-that-alerts-user-to-sur/|title=Edward Snowden co-designs an iPhone case that alerts user to surveillance activity|last=Palazzo|first=Chiara|date=July 22, 2016|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=2016-08-07}}

File:Novena laptop motherboard.jpg laptop motherboard, Novena]]In 2013, Huang announced that he, again in collaboration with Cross, was at work developing a laptop called the Novena. The laptop is the first of its kind, in that the hardware and software are entirely open and only include components where the manufacturing companies do not require non-disclosure agreements to obtain the documentation necessary for design.{{cite web

|url=http://makezine.com/magazine/make-38-cameras-and-av/building-an-open-source-laptop/

|title=Building an Open Source Laptop

|author=Bunnie Huang

|date=2014-01-08

|publisher=Makezine

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316080440/http://makezine.com/magazine/make-38-cameras-and-av/building-an-open-source-laptop/

|archive-date=March 16, 2014

}} In addition to the normal laptop components, the Novena motherboard also includes an FPGA, dual Ethernet ports, a three-axis accelerometer, and easily augmentable hardware.{{cite web

| url = http://www.kosagi.com/w/index.php?title=Novena_Main_Page

| title = Novena Main Page

| author = bunnie

| date = 2014-03-14

}} On May 7, 2014 the Novena's crowdfunding campaign reached its goal of $250,000 and went on to raise a total of $722,880 without taking subsequent pre-orders into account.

Huang is a contributing writer for MAKE magazine, as well as being a member of their technical advisory board. He has also written for Gizmodo and IEEE Spectrum.

He has also written extensively about manufacturing in China.{{cite news|last=Doctorow|first=Cory|title=Bunnie Huang's blog-series on Chinese manufacturing|url=http://boingboing.net/2007/07/13/bunnie_huangs_blogse.html|access-date=May 2, 2011|newspaper=Boing Boing|date=July 13, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529104051/http://www.boingboing.net/2007/07/13/bunnie_huangs_blogse.html|archive-date=May 29, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}{{Cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/why-its-easier-to-innovate-in-china-than-in-the-united-1709911838|title=Why It's Often Easier To Innovate In China Than In The United States|last=Huang|first=Andrew 'bunnie'|website=Gizmodo|date=June 12, 2015 |language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-09}} In March 2016, Huang successfully completed the crowdfunding campaign for his book The Essential Guide to Electronics in Shenzhen, a manual written to enable the English-speaking electronics community to be able to navigate China's Huaqiangbei marketplace in Shenzhen,{{Cite web|url=http://boingboing.net/2016/02/04/bunnie-huangs-essential-gu.html|title=Bunnie Huang's "Essential Guide to Electronics in Shenzhen"|date=2016-02-04|website=Boing Boing|access-date=2016-06-08}} widely regarded as one of the world's premier electronics marketplaces and production hubs.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/gallery/2014/jun/13/huaqiangbei-shenzhen-market-smartphone-parts-in-pictures|title=Huaqiangbei: the mega market with every smartphone part – in pictures|last=Arthur|first=Charles|date=2014-06-13|website=the Guardian|access-date=2016-06-09}} He also appeared in Wired's 2016 documentary Inside Shenzhen: The Silicon Valley of hardware.{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/shenzhen-silicon-valley-of-hardware-wired-documentary|title=Inside Shenzhen: The Silicon Valley of hardware|magazine=Wired UK|last=Reynolds|first=Matthew|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-08-26|date=June 7, 2016}}

In July 2016, Huang became a plaintiff in a lawsuit filed by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) that challenges the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). In the complaint, the EFF argue on behalf of Huang (and his company AlphaMax LLC.) that the "anti-circumvention" and "anti-trafficking" provisions of Section 1201 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act threaten free speech.{{cite web|title=EFF Lawsuit Takes on DMCA Section 1201: Research and Technology Restrictions Violate the First Amendment|url=https://www.eff.org/press/releases/eff-lawsuit-takes-dmca-section-1201-research-and-technology-restrictions-violate|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation|access-date=21 July 2016|date=July 21, 2016}} The lawsuit, Green v. Department of Justice, is shared with plaintiff Matthew D. Green, a cryptography researcher whose work has a similar obstacle within Section 1201.{{Cite web|date=2016-09-01|title=Green v. U.S. Department of Justice|url=https://www.eff.org/cases/green-v-us-department-justice|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Electronic Frontier Foundation|language=en}}

Huang and AlphaMax were seeking to develop the NeTV2, a digital video processing device that allows a user to record and modify video data from various sources, including streaming services and video games. The extant version of the device does not allow for the modification of encrypted video streams, but Huang and AlphaMax intended to add this as a feature by reverse engineering Intel's High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection copy protection system. Their concern, however, was that this would qualify as a breach of Section 1201 of the DMCA. In this capacity, the EFF's lawsuit is a preliminary injunction against that portion of the DMCA.{{Cite web|last=Gardner|first=Eriq|date=July 16, 2021|title=A Hacker's Plan to Make Digital TV More Useful Hits Legal Setback|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/hackers-digital-tv-1234983312/|access-date=2021-11-17|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|last=Huang|first=Andrew|date=September 18, 2019|title=Bugfix and DMCA Lawsuit Progress|url=https://www.crowdsupply.com/alphamax/netv2/updates/bugfix-and-dmca-lawsuit-progress|access-date=2021-11-17|website=Crowd Supply}}

Discussing his motivations behind the suit, Huang said, "When I was a graduate student, I saw a generation of younger engineers growing up stunted and fearful under [the DMCA's] shadow ... In multiple startups since, I saw numerous, legitimate business opportunities stymied by the statute."{{Cite web|title='I've felt my rights chilled': Hacker 'bunnie' Huang is challenging the government|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/i-ve-felt-my-rights-chilled-hacker-bunnie-huang-challenging-n719696|last=Powers|first=Melissa|date=February 17, 2017|website=NBC News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-18}}

In July 2019, a federal judge ruled that the lawsuit could proceed.{{Cite web|date=2019-09-20|title=Will a Federal Judge Unleash Hackers on the TV Industry?|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/will-a-federal-judge-unleash-hackers-tv-industry-1241329|access-date=2021-03-15|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en}} In 2021, District of Columbia Court Judge Emmet G. Sullivan denied the preliminary injunction put forth by the EFF, citing that the Department of Justice, who were brought forth to defend against the case in 2016, had sufficiently demonstrated that the DMCA is a necessary amendment to existing copyright law, and that to this end it does not place undue or unwarranted restrictions on free speech. The specific assertion by the EFF and Huang that code qualifies as speech, and thus qualifies for the protections given to free speech, was not explicitly rejected in the decision, though Sullivan did remark that the Department of Justice "makes a compelling argument" against that assessment within the purview of the EFF's proposed injunction.

In 2007, Huang received the Lewis Winner award for Best paper at ISSCC 2006 (A 10 Gbit/s photonic modulator and WDM MUX/DEMUX integrated with electronics in 0.13 um SOI CMOS, Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2006. ISSCC 2006. Digest of Technical Papers. IEEE International){{cite journal

| title = ISSCC 2007 / Session 1 / Plenary Awards

| publisher = IEEE

| date = 2007-02-12

| doi = 10.1109/ISSCC.2007.373576

}}

In September 2012, Huang received the 2012 EFF Pioneer Award for his work in hardware hacking, open source and activism.{{cite press release

| url = https://www.eff.org/press/releases/hardware-hacker-anti-acta-activist-and-groundbreaking-anonymity-group-win-eff-pioneer

| title = Hardware Hacker, Anti-ACTA Activist, and Groundbreaking Anonymity Group Win EFF Pioneer Awards

| date = 2012-09-27

| publisher = EFF

}}

Publications

• {{Cite book|url=http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/aries/Documents/Memos/ARIES-02.pdf|title=An Implementation of Guarded Pointers with Tight Bounds on Segment Size|last=Huang|first=Andrew|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|year=1999}}
• {{cite journal |last=Huang |first=Andrew |title=Keeping Secrets in Hardware: the Microsoft XBoxTM Case Study |date=May 26, 2002 |publisher=AI Memo 2002-008 |url=http://web.mit.edu/bunnie/www/proj/anatak/AIM-2002-008.pdf |access-date=April 19, 2008}}
• {{Cite book|url=http://bunniestudios.com/bunnie/phdthesis.pdf|title=ADAM: A Decentralized Parallel Computer Architecture Featuring Fast Thread and Data Migration and a Uniform Hardware Abstraction|last=Huang|first=Andrew|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|year=2002}}
• {{Cite book|title=A 10Gb/s photonic modulator and WDM MUX/DEMUX integrated with electronics in 0.13/spl mu/m SOI CMOS|last1=Huang|first1=Andrew|last2=Gunn|first2=C.|last3=Li|first3=Guo-Liang|last4=Liang|first4=Yi|last5=Mirsaidi|first5=S.|last6=Narashimha|first6=A.|last7=Pinguet|first7=T.|display-authors=1|work=2006 IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers|pages=922–929 |year=2006|isbn=978-1-4244-0079-9|doi=10.1109/ISSCC.2006.1696133|s2cid=30678835|issn=0193-6530}}
• {{cite magazine |last=Huang |first=Andrew |title=The Death of Moore's Law Will Spur Innovation |date=March 31, 2015 |magazine=IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-death-of-moores-law-will-spur-innovation |access-date=April 5, 2015}}
• {{cite journal |last=Huang |first=Andrew |title=Against the Law: Countering Lawful Abuses of Digital Surveillance |journal=Pubpub |date=July 21, 2016 |publisher=The Journal of Open Engineering |doi=10.21428/12268 |url=https://www.tjoe.org/pub/direct-radio-introspection/release/2 |access-date=July 13, 2020|doi-access=free }}

Books

• {{Cite book|url=https://www.nostarch.com/xboxfree|title=Hacking the Xbox: An Introduction to Reverse Engineering|last=Huang|first=Andrew|publisher=No Starch Press|year=2003|isbn=978-1593270292}}
• {{Cite book|url=https://bunniefoo.com/bunnie/essential/essential-guide-shenzhen-web.pdf|title=The Essential Guide to Electronics in Shenzhen|last=Huang|first=Andrew|publisher=Sutajio Ko-Usagi|year=2016|isbn=978-9810974596}}
• {{Cite book|url=https://www.nostarch.com/hardwarehackerpaperback|title=The Hardware Hacker: Adventures in Making and Breaking Hardware|last=Huang|first=Andrew|publisher=No Starch Press|year=2017|isbn=978-1593277581}}

{{Commons category|Andrew Huang}}

• {{Official website|http://www.bunniestudios.com/}}
• {{Official website|http://www.xenatera.com/bunnie/|Official website (deprecated 2004)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Huang, Andrew}}

Category:Living people

Category:MIT School of Engineering alumni

Category:Writers about computer security

Category:1975 births

Category:People from Kalamazoo, Michigan

Category:American people of Chinese descent

Category:Hackers