Androcles and the Lion (1952 film)

{{Infobox film

| name = Androcles and the Lion

| image = Androcles lion.jpg

| caption = DVD cover

| director = Chester Erskine
Nicholas Ray (uncredited)

| screenplay = Chester Erskine
Ken Englund

| based_on = {{Based on|Androcles and the Lion|George Bernard Shaw}}

| starring = Jean Simmons
Victor Mature
Alan Young
Robert Newton
Maurice Evans

| producer = Gabriel Pascal

| music = Friedrich Hollaender

| cinematography = Harry Stradling Sr.

| editing = Roland Gross

| studio = RKO Radio Pictures

| distributor = RKO Radio Pictures

| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1952|10|30|Premiere-Los Angeles|1953|1|9|US| ref1={{cite web | url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=50391 | title=Androcles and the Lion: Detail View | publisher=American Film Institute | accessdate=1 June 2014}}|ref2=}}

| runtime = 98 minutes

|budget = $1,250,000

| country = United Kingdom
United States

| language = English

}}

Androcles and the Lion is a 1952 RKO film produced by Gabriel Pascal from the 1912 George Bernard Shaw play of the same name. It was Pascal's last film, made two years after the death of Shaw, his long-standing friend and mentor, and two years before Pascal's own death.{{cite web|title=Androcles and the Lion(1952)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0044355/|publisher=Internet Movie Database|accessdate=3 December 2013}}{{cite web|title=Androcles and the Lion (1952)|url=http://www.criterion.com/films/6225-androcles-and-the-lion|publisher=criterion.com|accessdate=3 December 2013}}{{cite web|title=Movie Review – Androcles and the Lion|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9900e7db1f3de03abc4d52dfb7668388649ede|work=The New York Times|accessdate=3 December 2013}}{{cite web|title=Androcles and the Lion (1952) – Critics' Reviews|url=http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie-critic-reviews/androcles-and-the-lion.2/|publisher=moviesmsn.com|accessdate=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206094702/http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie-critic-reviews/androcles-and-the-lion.2/|archive-date=6 December 2013|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Shaw Society Double Bill Screening: Androcles and the Lion (1952) ...|url=http://www.cinemamuseum.org.uk/2013/shaw-society-androcles-pygmalion/|publisher=cinemamuseum.org.uk|accessdate=3 December 2013}}{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Richard|title=Androcles and the Lion|url=http://www.silversirens.co.uk/jean-simmons/androcles-and-the-lion/|publisher=silversirens.com.uk|accessdate=3 December 2013}}

Plot

Androcles, a gentle Christian tailor, is on the run from his Roman persecutors, accompanied by his nagging wife Megaera. While they are hiding in the forest, a Barbary lion approaches them. Megaera swoons, but tender-hearted Androcles sees that a large thorn is deeply embedded in the lion's paw; he draws it out while soothing the beast with baby-talk. While Androcles and the lion—whom he names Tommy—are becoming best buddies, his wife escapes, and when soldiers come upon Androcles and Tommy wrestling playfully, he is accused of sorcery.

Androcles is next seen in a procession of Christian prisoners on their way to the Colosseum in Rome. They are joined by the fierce recent Christian convert Ferrovius, who subsequently provides much of the comic relief in his struggle to keep his bellicose nature in check. Love interest is provided by the growing attraction between the Roman Captain and the nobly born Christian convert Lavinia.

Eventually the party is sent into the arena to be slaughtered, but when Ferrovius demonstrates his powers of conversion—and kills all of the gladiators—Antoninus Caesar declares that all his subjects should become Christians and offers him a commission in the Praetorian Guards. Ferrovius accepts. To appease the crowd, it is necessary to choose one Christian to be savaged by a lion, and Androcles volunteers "to uphold the honour of the tailors." It turns out that the lion is the one that Androcles helped in the forest, and the two waltz round the arena to the delight of the audience. The Emperor dashes behind the scenes to get a closer look and has to be rescued from the lion by Androcles. He then orders an end to the persecution of Christians and allows Androcles and his new 'pet' to depart in peace.

Cast

Jean Simmons as Lavinia
Victor Mature as the Captain
Alan Young as Androcles
Robert Newton as Ferrovius
Maurice Evans as Caesar
Elsa Lanchester as Megaera
Reginald Gardiner as Lentulus
Gene Lockhart the Menagerie Keeper
Alan Mowbray as the Editor of Gladiators
Noel Willman as Spintho
John Hoyt as Cato
Jim Backus as the Centurion
Lowell Gilmore as Metellus
Woody Strode as the Lion
Strother Martin as Soldier
Sylvia Lewis as the Chief of the Vestal Virgins

Note that the opening sequence of the film places it during the time of Emperor Antoninus Pius, but the character is only addressed as "Caesar" during the film, as that was the formal way of addressing Roman Emperors.

Production

Harpo Marx was originally signed to play Androcles, and after the first five weeks of shooting, Pascal was thrilled with the results, but Howard Hughes, who had seen Young on TV, hired him for the lead, and Harpo was replaced.{{cite book |last1=McClelland |first1=Doug |title=The unkindest cuts: the scissors and the cinema |date=1972 |publisher=A. S. Barnes |location=NY |isbn=978-0498078255 |pages=114–15}} George Sanders was meant to play Caesar but was unable to get out of another commitment.{{Cite news|title=FILM EMPLOYMENT REPORPED ON RISE: February Figure of 13,700 Is Above '5O Monthly Average and Higher Than in '49|author=THOMAS F. BRADY|work=New York Times|date=April 5, 1951|page=34}} José Ferrer was mentioned for the part of Androcles.{{Cite news|title=Drama: John Wayne to Direct 'Alamo' in Fall; Gable Gets Sherman as Guide|author=Schallert, Edwin|date=February 21, 1951|work=Los Angeles Times|page=B11}}

Under Pascal's contract with George Bernard Shaw, the film had to include at least 75% of Shaw's original dialogue in the screenplay. This was not a problem for this particular play since the play was short; indeed, material had to be added.{{Cite news|title=New Material Is Added For Feature Film: Hollywood Letter|author=Richard Dyer MacCann.|date=December 4, 1951|work=The Christian Science Monitor|page=4}}

Victor Mature had a contract with RKO to make one film a year, but this film, while released by RKO, was produced by GB Productions.{{Cite news|title=New Boy Wonder Quips Career Along; ZsaZsa Gabor in 'Moulin Rouge'|author=Schallert, Edwin|date=January 5, 1952|work=Los Angeles Times|page=11}}

Filming began 13 August 1951.{{Cite news|title=HOLLYWOOD SURVEY: HEROINE|author=THOMAS M. PRYOR|date=July 15, 1951|work=New York Times|page=X3}}

When it opened in American cinemas nobody laughed, so Hughes withdrew the film and shot two weeks of new sequences. In 1987, Alan Young recalled: "He put in girls with gauze and a real lion, and it became a blood-and-guts film."{{cite web|url=http://my.xfinity.com/articles/entertainment/20160520/US--Obit-Alan.Young/?cid%3Dfeaturedent_media_mred |title=Alan Young, star of 1960s sitcom 'Mr. Ed', dies at 96 | Comcast |accessdate=21 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611173745/http://my.xfinity.com/articles/entertainment/20160520/US--Obit-Alan.Young/?cid=featuredent_media_mred |archivedate=11 June 2016}}