Android Pie

Android Pie, then referred to as "Android P", was first announced by Google on March 7, 2018,{{cite web |last1=El Khoury |first1=Rita |title=Google announces Android P: Notch support, multi-camera API, indoor positioning, and more |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2018/03/07/google-announces-android-p-notch-support-multi-camera-api-indoor-positioning/ |website=Android Police |date=March 7, 2018 |publisher=Illogical Robot LLC |access-date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=August 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825213435/https://www.androidpolice.com/2018/03/07/google-announces-android-p-notch-support-multi-camera-api-indoor-positioning/ |url-status=live }} and the first developer preview was released on the same day.{{cite web |last1=Whitwam |first1=Ryan |title=Android P developer preview images and OTA files are now live, but no beta program yet |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2018/03/07/android-p-developer-preview-images-now-live-no-beta-program-yet/ |website=Android Police |date=March 7, 2018 |publisher=Illogical Robot LLC |access-date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=September 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903202827/https://www.androidpolice.com/2018/03/07/android-p-developer-preview-images-now-live-no-beta-program-yet/ |url-status=live }} The second preview, the first beta release, was released on May 8, 2018.{{Cite news |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/05/whats-new-in-android-p-beta.html |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=What's new in Android P Beta |website=Android Developers Blog |date=May 8, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2018 |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907003659/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/05/whats-new-in-android-p-beta.html |url-status=live }} The third preview, called Beta 2, was released on June 6, 2018.{{Cite news |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/06/android-p-beta-2-and-final-apis.html |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Android P Beta 2 and final APIs! |website=Android Developers Blog |date=June 6, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2018 |archive-date=January 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115102656/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/06/android-p-beta-2-and-final-apis.html |url-status=live }} The fourth preview, called Beta 3, was released on July 2, 2018.{{Cite news |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/07/android-p-beta-3-is-now-available.html |title=Android P Beta 3 is now available |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |website=Android Developers Blog |date=July 2, 2018 |access-date=August 17, 2018 |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702204709/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/07/android-p-beta-3-is-now-available.html |url-status=live }} The final beta of Android P was released on July 25, 2018.{{Cite news |url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/07/final-preview-update-official-android-p.html |last1=Burke |first1=Dave |title=Final preview update, official Android P coming soon! |website=Android Developers Blog |date=July 25, 2018 |access-date=August 16, 2018 |archive-date=November 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121193654/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/07/final-preview-update-official-android-p.html |url-status=live }}

{{See also|Android version history#Android 9}}

Android Pie refreshes the operating system's user interface to utilize Material Design 2; the revamp provides more variance in aesthetics, encouraging the creation of custom "themes" for the base guidelines and components rather than a standardized appearance. Bottom-aligned navigation bars are also more prominent. As applied to Android Pie's interface, rounded corners (influenced by the proprietary Google theme used by in-house software implementing Material Design 2) are more prominent.{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/09/android-9-pie-thoroughly-reviewed/|title=Android 9 Pie, thoroughly reviewed|last=Amadeo|first=Ron|date=September 13, 2018|website=Ars Technica|access-date=January 25, 2019|archive-date=November 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130193516/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/09/android-9-pie-thoroughly-reviewed/|url-status=live}}

Pie adds official support for screen cutouts (including "notches" and "hole-punch" designs), including APIs for adjusting UI elements and behaviors depending on their size and position. Android certification requirements restrict devices to two cutouts, which may only be along the top or bottom of the screen.

The most significant user interface change on Pie is a redesigned on-screen navigation bar. Unlike previous versions of Android, it only consists of a slim home button, and a back button rendered only when available. The bar utilizes gesture navigation: swiping up opens the "Overview" screen, a redesign of the existing recent apps menu. Swiping the handle to the right activates application switching. The gesture bar is used primarily on new devices such as the Pixel 3; existing devices may either use the previous navigation key setup or offer the ability to opt into gesture navigation.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/16/17697648/google-android-9-pie-review-gestures-ai-notifications|title=Android 9 Pie review: the predictive OS|last=Bohn|first=Dieter|date=August 16, 2018|website=The Verge|access-date=January 25, 2019|archive-date=January 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126000753/https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/16/17697648/google-android-9-pie-review-gestures-ai-notifications|url-status=live}} As opposed to the previous recent apps menu, Overview utilizes a horizontal layout rather than vertical, and text may also be selected and copied from apps appearing there (although this uses OCR rather than the native text as to conserve resources). The Pixel Launcher exclusively supports the ability to access the app drawer and most recently used apps from the overview as well. However, this integration is proprietary, as there are no current plans to offer the necessary integration to third-party software due to security concerns. In addition, when rotation lock is enabled, rotating the device causes a screen rotation button to appear on the navigation bar.

The notification area was redesigned, with the clock moved to the left, and the number of icons that may be displayed at once limited to four, in order to accommodate displays that may have "notch" cutouts in the center. The drop-down panels attached to quick settings items have been removed; long-pressing a toggle directs users to the relevant settings screen. Notifications for chats can now be threaded, displaying previous messages within (complementing the existing inline reply functionality). If a particular type of notification is frequently dismissed, the user will now be offered to disable it. The Do Not Disturb mode has been overhauled with a larger array of settings.

The power menu now contains a screenshot button (which itself now supports cropping an image after taking one), and an optional "lockdown" mode that disables biometric unlock methods. The volume pop-up now only controls media volume, as well as the choice of sound, vibrate, or silent modes for notifications. Users are directed to the settings menu to change the volume of notifications.{{cite web |last1=Rahman |first1=Mishaal |title=Here's Everything New in Android P Developer Preview 1 for the Google Pixel/XL and Pixel 2/XL |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/everything-new-android-p-developer-preview/ |website=XDA Developers |access-date=March 8, 2018 |date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=April 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422014635/https://www.xda-developers.com/everything-new-android-p-developer-preview/ |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Welch |first1=Chris |title=The biggest early visual changes in Android P |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features |access-date=March 8, 2018 |work=The Verge |date=March 7, 2018 |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622084001/https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/7/17092800/android-p-new-design-changes-features |url-status=live }} A magnifier display has been added to text selection, and "smart linkify" offers access to relevant apps if particular types of text (such as phone numbers or addresses) are highlighted.

Pie introduced Digital Wellbeing, a feature aimed at curbing smartphone addiction.

Android Pie introduces a major change to power management, using algorithms to prioritize background activity by apps based on long-term usage patterns and predictions, dividing apps into "Active", "Working Set" (run often), "Frequent", "Rare", and "Never". Similar "adaptive brightness" settings are adjusted automatically based on detected lighting conditions. Both of these features were developed in collaboration with DeepMind.

The "PrecomputedText" API (also available as a compatibility library compatible with Android 4.0 and newer) can be used to perform text display processing in a background thread as opposed to a UI thread to improve performance.

The fingerprint authentication API has also been revamped to account for different types of biometric authentication experiences (including face scanning and in-screen fingerprint readers).

Android Runtime (ART) can now create compressed bytecode files. In addition, ART's profile-guided optimization introduced in Android 7.0 is further enhanced in Android Pie by uploading the profiler data to Google Play servers; the data is bundled with apps when downloaded by users with a similar device. This allows fresh app installs to have improved startup performance.

Apps targeting older Android API levels (beginning with Android 4.2) display a warning when launched. The Google Play Store is now requiring all apps to target an API level released within the past year, and will also mandate 64-bit support in 2019.

Android Pie supports IEEE 802.11mc, including Wi-Fi Round Trip Time for location positioning.

The camera API now supports accessing multiple cameras at once. Apps may no longer perform background audio or video recording unless they run a foreground service. There is support for the High Efficiency Image File Format (subject to patent licensing and hardware support) and VP9 Profile 2.

DNS over TLS is supported under the name "Private DNS".{{Cite web|url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-enable-dns-over-tls-in-android-pie/|title=How to enable DNS over TLS in Android Pie|first=Jack|last=Wallen|website=TechRepublic|date=August 23, 2018|access-date=January 25, 2019|archive-date=September 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225141/https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-enable-dns-over-tls-in-android-pie/|url-status=live}}

Android Go for Android Pie uses less storage than the previous release, and has enhancements to security and storage tracking.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/15/17693686/android-9-pie-go-edition-storage-boot-time-data-usage|title=Android 9 Pie (Go edition) will make Android Go better this fall|last=Gartenberg|first=Chaim|date=August 15, 2018|website=The Verge|access-date=January 25, 2019|archive-date=August 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816112830/https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/15/17693686/android-9-pie-go-edition-storage-boot-time-data-usage|url-status=live}}

Shortly after its launch, several users on Pixel devices and the Essential Phone noted a decrease in battery life.{{Cite web|url=https://9to5google.com/2018/08/15/android-9-pie-battery-life-poll/|title=Has your battery life been worse on Android 9 Pie? [Poll]|first=Ben|last=Schoon|date=August 15, 2018|access-date=February 2, 2019|archive-date=February 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203030608/https://9to5google.com/2018/08/15/android-9-pie-battery-life-poll/|url-status=live}} As Android Pie became available to more phones, some users on various devices reported similar comparisons.{{Cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/01/android-pie-has-a-battery-life-problem/|title=Android Pie has a battery life problem|date=November 1, 2018|access-date=November 2, 2018|archive-date=November 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120005003/https://venturebeat.com/2018/11/01/android-pie-has-a-battery-life-problem/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://bgr.com/2018/11/02/android-pie-battery-life-issue-google-fix-workarounds/|title=Some users are experiencing terrible battery drain on Android Pie|first=Jacob|last=Siegal|date=November 2, 2018|access-date=February 2, 2019|archive-date=February 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203085051/https://bgr.com/2018/11/02/android-pie-battery-life-issue-google-fix-workarounds/|url-status=live}}

• Android version history

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Category:2018 software

Category:Android (operating system) versions