Angami language

This table represents the consonantal structure of the Khonoma dialect.{{Cite web |title=Phonetic structures of Khonoma Angami |last=Blankenship |first=B |url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/blankenship1992phonetic.pdf}}

Other dialects also contrast {{IPA|/tʃʰ tʃ dʒ/}}. {{IPA|[f]}} only occurs as an allophone of {{IPA|/p/}}. The velar fricative is in free variation with {{IPA|[h]}}. The post-alveolar approximants are truly retroflex (sub-apical) {{IPA|[ɻ̊ ɻ]}} before mid and low vowels, but laminal {{IPA|[ɹ̠̊ ɹ̠]}} before high vowels ({{IPA|/i u/}}).

Angami voiceless nasals are unusual in that, unlike the voiceless nasals of Burmese, they have a positive rather than negative voice onset time—that is, they are aspirated rather than partially voiced. The same is true of the laterals. In both cases, the aspiration has the formants characteristic of Angami h, which is somewhat velar in pronunciation. The other voiceless approximants may not be aspirated, as the h-like formants occur during the entire hold of the consonant.

The following are the vowels of the Khonoma dialect.

The labial and labialized consonants have labiodental affricate allophones before {{IPA|/ə/}} (but not in {{IPA|/Cɻə/}} consonant clusters). In addition, about half the time, the rhotic becomes syllabic (a rhotic vowel) in this environment:

Angami syllables may be of the form V, CV, or {{IPA|CɻV}}. Attested clusters are {{IPA|/pʰɻ/, /pɻ/, /kʰɻ/, /kɻ/}}.

Meyase (2023) recognizes southern, northern, and western dialects of Angami, including the following.{{cite conference|conference=56th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, 10–12 October 2023|location=Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok|date=2023|title=Historical Sound Changes within the Tenyidie (Angami) Language|first=Savio|last=Meyase}}

• Southern: Jokha, Kiwe
• Northern: Kewhi
• Western: Khwüno

Preliminary Proto-Tenyi lexical reconstructions by Meyase (2023), with supporting data from four Tenyidie dialects, are as follows.

Northern sound change innovations include:

• *kw > pf, f
• *o > uo, io

Southern sound change innovations include:

• *pe- > me-

A wealth of Angami grammars, lexicons are available in Tenyidie and in English. However, these collections often

conflict in their analysis of the phonemic or syntactic nature of the language. This is due to the difference at the time

of the documentation, and the choice of informants from varying dialect. Especially in the earlier language

documentations (1870s–1960s), mostly by Christian missionary; their informants' meta-data were not specified and

any dialect of Angami were assumed to be the "standard" of Angami within the Nagaland region. The Angami-English Phrasebook Rivenburg, S.W. (1905). Angami-English Phrasebook. and Angami-English-Hindi dictionary Giridha, P.P and Handoo, L. (1987). Angami-English-Hindi dictionary. {{cite web|url=http://www.anukriti.net/dicbooks/angami-english/index.asp?chr_val%3Dk |title=A n u k r i t i . N e T |access-date=2012-08-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112161558/http://www.anukriti.net/dicbooks/angami-english/index.asp?chr_val=k |archive-date=2011-11-12 }} available online.

The complete Tenyidie bible was published in 1970. However, only the translated chapter of Genesis The Bible Society of India. (1970). The Holy Bible: Angami Naga – Genesis Translation. The Long Now Foundation. https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_njm_gen-1 from the bible was posted on the internet under The Rosetta Project. Also, Christian devotional materials such as The Bible...Basically® in Tenyidie Griffin, R. (n.d.). The Bible…Basically® in Tenyidie. {{cite web|url=http://biblestudydownloads.com/Tenyidie/Tenyidie.html |title=Tenyidie |access-date=2012-08-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305211050/http://biblestudydownloads.com/Tenyidie/Tenyidie.html |archive-date=2012-03-05 }} are also available online.

Another source of text is largely from the ethnic folktales (e.g. Angami Naga folklore by Sekhose, 1970) and

especially from song lyrics written in Tenyidie. Other than Christian songs written by the Angami church community

(e.g. Shieshülie songbook by Baptist Revival ChurchBaptist Revival Church (2011). Shieshülie - Tenyidie songbook. Retrieved from

http://www.nagalandpost.com/ShowStory.aspx?npoststoryiden=UzEwNDA3Nzk%3D-ZxNlAmDAZ8A%3D {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729195821/http://www.nagalandpost.com/ShowStory.aspx?npoststoryiden=UzEwNDA3Nzk%3D-ZxNlAmDAZ8A%3D |date=29 July 2013 }}), the rising rock music culture started to stir in the Nagaland as the music events and societies like the Hornbill National Rock Contest {{cite web|url=http://www.hornbillfestival.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=81&Itemid=2|title=Hornbill Festival - Hornbill festival of Nagaland|last=www.site5.com|website=Hornbill Festival|access-date=14 April 2018}}

The next largest source of Tenyidie is the educational materials used in the Kohima schools and university.

Although much of these texts are in printed forms, a query on the web does retrieve some Indian exams papers {{cite web |url=http://www.nbsenagaland.com/documents/Syllabus/Class%209%2610_2008%20Syllabus.pdf |title=Secondary School Syllabus |publisher=Nagaland Board of School Education |pages=48–52 |access-date=2018-05-25 |archive-date=14 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160934/http://www.nbsenagaland.com/documents/Syllabus/Class%209%2610_2008%20Syllabus.pdf |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.examfear.com/files/00/42/2010-12-08-21-04-57.pdf |title=Higher Secondary School Syllabus for Classes 11 & 12 |publisher=Nagaland Board of School Education |page=36 |access-date=2012-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912000827/http://www.examfear.com/files/00/42/2010-12-08-21-04-57.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-12}} that contain test questions on Tenyidie.

• Angami Naga
• Tibetic languages

{{reflist}}

• {{cite journal|last=Blankenship|first=Barbara|author2=Peter Ladefoged |author3=Peri Bhaskararao |author4=Nichumeno Chase |date=June 1993|title=Phonetic Structures of Khonoma Angami|journal=Fieldwork Studies of Targeted Languages|publisher=UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics|volume=84|pages=127–141}}

{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

• [http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/appendix/languages/angami/angami.html Khonama materials at UCLA]
• [http://rapidiq.wordpress.com/2009/03/17/angami-the-language-of-the-enchanting-hills/ Angami Language Intro]

{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}

{{Languages of Northeast India}}

Category:Angami–Pochuri languages

Category:Languages of Nagaland

Category:Endangered languages of India

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