Angelica glauca

Angelica glauca is a large, sturdy, tall herbaceous plant that can reach a height of 1–2 meters.{{Cite web |title=Angelica Glauca |url=https://en.vikaspedia.in/viewcontent/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants/angelica-glauca }} The stems are hollow and the plant flowers in clusters, with small white, yellow, or purple flowers arranged in an umbel, typical of the Apiaceae family. The roots are aromatic and succulent; and are commonly used medicinally for their anti-inflammatory, digestive, fever, headache, mental disorders, and respiratory properties. The plant is often recognized by its large size, distinctive flowers, and strong aroma.

Angelica glauca is native to the highland regions of the Himalayas, especially in countries such as India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet. It typically grows at high altitudes, between {{convert|2,000|and|4,000|m|ft|sp=us}} above sea level, where the temperatures are cool and the soil is moist and well-drained. The plant prefers cool climates and humus-rich soils. It typically grows in grasslands, forest edges, and along streams in its native areas, where there is little light or partial shade.{{Cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Pardeep |last2=Rana |first2=Vinay |last3=Singh |first3=Anand Narain |date=2022-12-01 |title=Angelica glauca Edgew. – A comprehensive review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214786122000298 |journal=Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants |volume=31 |pages=100397 |doi=10.1016/j.jarmap.2022.100397 |bibcode=2022JARMA..31j0397K |issn=2214-7861|url-access=subscription }}

Angelica glauca is listed on the IUCN Red List as endangered due to overharvesting and loss of natural habitat.{{Cite web |last=Red List |title=Angelica Glauca |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/50126564/50131275 }} The plant's growing popularity for medicinal uses, coupled with climate change and agricultural expansion, has led to the decline of natural populations. Therefore, sustainable harvesting methods and conservation efforts are needed to protect the plant. Some areas have begun planting and controlled cultivation to reduce pressure on natural populations and ensure the plant's future survival.{{Cite journal |last1=Gautam |first1=Kamini |last2=Raina |first2=Ravinder |last3=Dikshit |first3=Nilamani |date=2023-12-01 |title=Current Knowledge on Sustainability and Conservation of Endangered Himalayan Medicinal Herb Angelica glauca Edgew.—a Review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210803323001422 |journal=Journal of Herbal Medicine |volume=42 |pages=100764 |doi=10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100764 |issn=2210-8033|url-access=subscription }}

Growing Angelica glauca requires recreating the conditions of its natural highland habitat. The plant thrives in cool climates, with temperatures ranging from {{convert|10|-|15.5|C|F}}. The soil should be loose, well-drained, and humus-rich, with a neutral to slightly acidic pH (pH no higher than 7) and USDA hardiness zones 4–7.{{Cite web |title=How to Grow and Care for Angelica Plant |url=https://www.thespruce.com/angelica-plant-growing-guide-5195323 |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=The Spruce |language=en}} To propagate the plant, the seeds should be chilled before planting to break the dormancy. Sowing should begin in autumn or early spring (November or December).{{Cite web |title=Growing Angelica from Seed: How to Sow, Care for & Harvest |url=https://www.johnnyseeds.com/growers-library/herbs/angelica/angelica-key-growing-information.html |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=www.johnnyseeds.com}} In addition, Angelica glauca needs constant moisture but should not be waterlogged as it is susceptible to root rot. The plant can tolerate shade but can also grow well in direct sunlight in cool climates.{{Cite web |date=2020-01-08 |title=How to grow angelica (Angelica archangelica) |url=https://extension.unh.edu/resource/how-grow-angelica-angelica-archangelica |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Extension |language=en}}

Angelica Glauca is a plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the Himalayan mountain regions. The genus Angelica is an important medicinal plant used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. Traditionally, Angelica glauca has been used to treat colds, bronchitis, flatulence, colic and stomachache.{{Cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Shilpa |last2=Rasal |first2=Vijaykumar P. |last3=Patil |first3=Paragouda A. |last4=Joshi |first4=Rajesh K. |date=February 2017 |title=Effect of Angelica glauca essential oil on allergic airway changes induced by histamine and ovalbumin in experimental animals |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmacology |language=en-US |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=55–59 |doi=10.4103/0253-7613.201019 |doi-access=free |pmid=28458423 |pmc=5351239 |issn=0253-7613}} In addition, A. glauca was found to contain β-phellandrene, (Z)-ligustilide, methyl octane, limonene, β-phellandrene, β-pinene, (Z)-ligustilide, α-phellandrene, β-pinene, thujene, β-caryophyllene, β-bisabolene, germacrene D with oxygenated terpenes such as trans-carveol, β-caryophyllene oxide, α-phellandrene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene. These are chemical components that have biological properties such as antioxidants, antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticides.{{Cite journal |last1=Sowndhararajan |first1=Kandasamy |last2=Deepa |first2=Ponnuvel |last3=Kim |first3=Minju |last4=Park |first4=Se Jin |last5=Kim |first5=Songmun |date=September 2017 |title=A Review of the Composition of the Essential Oils and Biological Activities of Angelica Species |journal=Scientia Pharmaceutica |language=en |volume=85 |issue=3 |pages=33 |doi=10.3390/scipharm85030033 |doi-access=free |pmid=28930168 |pmc=5620520 |issn=2218-0532}}

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glauca

Category:Flora of Afghanistan

Category:Flora of Pakistan

Category:Flora of West Himalaya

Category:Flora of Tibet

Category:Plants described in 1846

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