Angelo Mosso

{{Short description|Italian physiologist (1846–1910)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}

File:AngeloMosso.jpg

Angelo Mosso (30 May 1846 – 24 November 1910) was a 19th-century Italian physiologist who invented the first neuroimaging technique, known as 'human circulation balance'.{{cite journal|author=Sandrone, Stefano|year=2014|title=Weighing brain activity with the balance: Angelo Mosso's original manuscripts come to light|journal= Brain |volume=137|issue=Pt 2|pages= 621–633|doi=10.1093/brain/awt091|pmid=23687118|doi-access=free|hdl=2318/141932|hdl-access=free}}

Mosso began his groundbreaking work by recording the pulsations of the human cortex in patients with skull defects following neurosurgical procedures. He observed that these pulsations changed during mental activity, leading him to infer that blood flow to the brain increases during such activities. To non-invasively measure the redistribution of blood during emotional and intellectual activity in healthy subjects, Mosso invented the 'human circulation balance'. This invention is regarded as the first neuroimaging technique ever and is a forerunner of more refined techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).

Born in Turin, Mosso studied medicine in Turin, Florence, Leipzig, and Paris. He was appointed professor of pharmacology in 1876 and professor of physiology in 1879 at the University of Turin.{{cite journal|author= Sandrone, Stefano |author2=Bacigaluppi, Marco |author3=Galloni, Marco R. |author4=Martino, Gianvito |year=2012|title= Angelo Mosso (1846–1910)|doi=10.1007/s00415-012-6632-1|journal= Journal of Neurology |volume=259|issue=11 |pages= 2513–2514 |pmid=23010944|s2cid=13365830 |hdl=2318/140004 |hdl-access=free }} Mosso invented various instruments to measure the pulse and conducted extensive experiments on the variations in pulse volume during sleep, mental activity, and emotion. In 1900–01, he visited the United States and embodied the results of his observations in Democrazia nella religione e nella scienza: studi sull' America (1901).New International Encyclopedia{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} (edition, date?) In 1882, he co-founded the Archives Italiennes de Biologie with Emery, a journal in which many of his essays were published. Among his other works are:

• Die Diagnostik des Pulses (1879)
• Sulla paura (1884)
• La paura (1891; English translation by E. Lough and F. Kiesow, [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007701584 Fear], London, 1896)
• La fatica (1891; English translation by M. A. and W. B. Drummond, [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000386942 Fatigue], New York, 1904)
• [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/012114243 La Temperatura del cervello] (1894)
• [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010377627 Fisiologia dell' uomo sulle Alpi] (1897; third edition, 1909); English translation, 1898{{cite book|title=Life of man on the high Alps by Angelo Mosso, trans. from the 2nd edition by E. Lough Kiesow|year=1898|publisher=T.F. Unwin |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100476868}}
• Mens Sana in Corpore Sano (1903)
• Vita moderna degli Italiani (1905)
• [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000659477 Escursioni nel mediterraneo e gli scavi di Creta] (1907; second edition, 1910; English translation, The Palaces of Crete and their Builders, New York, 1907){{cite book|author=Mosso, Angelo|title=The Palaces of Crete and their Builders|year=1907|publisher=T.F. Unwin |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000610828}}{{cite journal|title=Review of The Palaces of Crete and their Builders by Angelo Mosso|journal=The Athenæum|issue= 4183|date=28 December 1907|pages=833–834|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BN5BAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA833}}
• La preistoria: original della civilta mediterranea (1910; English translation by M. C. Harrison, [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000634888 The Dawn of Mediterranean Civilization], New York, 1911)
• Nuovo Antologia (in collaboration)

Mosso was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1897.