Angelo Scola

Scola was born in Malgrate, Milan, to Carlo Scola, a truck driver,{{cite news|url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/JohnPaulII/Transition/CardinalsScola.asp |title=Scholarly Venice cardinal intent on raising church's profile |date=1 April 2005 |newspaper=Catholic News Service (via AmericanCatholic.org) |access-date=27 September 2015 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927142809/http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/JohnPaulII/Transition/CardinalsScola.asp |archive-date=27 September 2015 }} and Regina Colombo. He was the younger of two sons; Pietro, his elder brother, died in 1983. He attended high school at the Manzoni Lyceum in Lecco, where he participated in the youth movement Gioventù Studentesca (Student Youth).

He studied philosophy at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart from 1964 to 1967, obtaining his doctorate with a dissertation on Christian philosophy under the supervision of Gustavo Bontadini, master of Emanuele Severino.{{cite news|first1=Gian Guido|last1=Vecchi|url=https://milano.corriere.it/milano/notizie/cronaca/11_giugno_28/20110628NAZ23_17-190967155855.shtml|title=Severino: "È stato mio allievo. Da laico gli ho dato 30 e lode"|date=June 28, 2011|access-date=June 17, 2021|language=Italian|journal=Il Corriere della Sera|location=Milan|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110629212759/https://milano.corriere.it/milano/notizie/cronaca/11_giugno_28/20110628NAZ23_17-190967155855.shtml|archive-date=29 June 2011|url-status=live}} During this time he served as vice-president and thereafter President of the Milanese diocesan chapter of the Federazione Universitaria Cattolica Italiana, the university student wing of Catholic Action.

At the university Scola met Luigi Giussani, the founder of the Catholic movement Communion and Liberation. After earning his degree in philosophy and teaching in high schools, Scola entered the Archiepiscopal seminary of Milan, studying one year in Saronno and the others in Venegono. In 1969 Scola was denied permission to be ordained subdeacon a year early. Following the advice of Luigi Giussani, in summer 1969 Scola moved to the seminary of the Diocese of Teramo-Atri where he studied one year.{{cite news | last = Tornielli | first = Andrea | url = http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/news/dettaglio-articolo/articolo/scola-seminario-chiesa-chruch-iglesia-milan-milano-7757//pag/1/ | title = Scola, ecco perchè lasciò il seminario di Milano | date = 6 November 2011 | newspaper = La Stampa | access-date = 12 February 2013 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150418065932/http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/news/dettaglio-articolo/articolo/scola-seminario-chiesa-chruch-iglesia-milan-milano-7757//pag/1/ | archive-date = 18 April 2015}} On 18 July 1970 Scola was ordained to the priesthood in Teramo by Bishop Abele Conigli.

He earned a second doctorate in theology from the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. He wrote his dissertation on St. Thomas Aquinas. An active collaborator in the Communion and Liberation movement from the early 1970s, Scola was the Italian editor of the journal Communio founded by Henri de Lubac, Hans Urs von Balthasar, and Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI). He conducted book-length interviews with de Lubac and von Balthasar.

After studying in Munich and Paris and doing pastoral work, Scola returned to Fribourg to work as research assistant to the chair of political philosophy from 1979 and then Assistant Professor of Fundamental Moral Theology until 1982 when he was appointed Professor of Theological Anthropology at the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family and Professor of Contemporary Christology at the Pontifical Lateran University.

From 1986 to 1991 Scola served as consultor to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. At the various institutes where he taught he promoted the establishment of bursaries to enable foreign students, particularly those from poorer countries, to study in Italy.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

Scola was named Bishop of Grosseto on 18 July 1991, and was consecrated by Cardinal Bernardin Gantin (with Bishops Abele Conigli and Adelmo Tacconi serving as co-consecrators) on the following 21 September. As Bishop of Grosseto he promoted a renewal of catechesis in the diocese. Scola chose as his episcopal motto Sufficit gratia tua ("Your grace suffices", 2 Corinthians 12:9).

Among Scola's chief pastoral concerns in Grosseto were the education of children and youths, vocations and clergy formation (he reopened the diocesan seminary), new approaches to parish life, the pastoral care of labourers (particularly during the difficult period of the dismantling of mines in Grosseto), culture and the family, and the opening of a diocesan mission in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. During this period he wrote and published a book aimed at young people on the subject of the educative mission of the Church. In his pastoral capacity as bishop, Scola paid particular attention to the issues of education, youth, clergy formation, renewal of parish life, pastoral care of workers, culture and the family.

File:Coat of arms of Angelo Scola (Venice).svg

Scola in 1995 resigned as bishop of Grosseto to serve as rector of the Pontifical Lateran University in Rome and President of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family in Rome, with a term spent as visiting professor at the counterpart Institute in Washington, D.C., during which time he wrote a monograph on the theology of von Balthasar.

In 1995 he became a member of the Congregation for the Clergy. He also served as member of the Episcopal Commission for Catholic Education of the Italian Bishops' Conference and, from 1996, as president of the Committee for Institutes of Religious Studies which addresses questions of the theological formation of the laity in Italy.

From 1996 to 2001 Scola was a member of the Pontifical Council for Health Workers and wrote several texts on issues around health care. In 1996 he was named a member to the Pontifical Council for the Family.

On 17 January 2009 he was appointed a member of the Pontifical Council for Culture by Pope Benedict.{{Cite press release|title=Nomina di membri e di consultori del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura |publisher=Holy See Press Office |date=17 January 2009 |url=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/23180.php?index=23180 |language=it |access-date=28 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320184440/http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/23180.php?index=23180 |archive-date=20 March 2012 }} On 5 January 2011 he was appointed among the first members of the newly created Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation.{{Cite press release|title=Nomina di membri del Pontificio Consiglio per la Promozione della Nuova Evangelizzazione |publisher=Holy See Press Office |date=5 January 2011 |url=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26652.php?index=26652 |language=it |access-date=28 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320184446/http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/26652.php?index=26652 |archive-date=20 March 2012 }} He is also a member of the Congregation for Divine Worship.

Image:Angelo scola 07 2005.jpg in Venice, 2005.]]

Scola was appointed Patriarch of Venice on 5 January 2002, elected President of the Bishops' Conference of the Triveneta region on 9 April 2002 and created Cardinal-Priest of Santi XII Apostoli on 21 October 2003. As Patriarch Scola developed a reputation of openness and pastoral concern. In Venice, for instance, he set aside Wednesday mornings to meet anyone who wanted to see him, whether or not they had an appointment.{{cite web|last=Allen Jr. |first=John L. |url=http://ncronline.org/blogs/all-things-catholic/meet-new-crown-prince-catholicism |title=Meet the new Crown Prince of Catholicism |publisher=National Catholic Review |date=1 July 2011 |access-date=12 March 2013}}

In 2004, he founded the Studium Generale Marcianum, an academic institute, and the journal Oasis, published in Italian, English, French, Arabic and Urdu as an outreach to Christians in the Muslim world.

After the death of Pope John Paul II in 2005, Scola was considered to be among the papabili in the 2005 papal conclave that elected Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XVI.

On 28 June 2011 he was appointed to replace Cardinal Dionigi Tettamanzi as Archbishop of Milan.{{Cite press release|title=Rinuncia e Nomine, 28.06.2011 |publisher=Holy See Press Office |date=28 June 2011 |url= http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2011/06/28/0404/01020.html |language=it | access-date = 10 April 2019 }} On 9 September 2011 he took possession of the Archdiocese of Milan by proxy.{{Cite press release | title = La presa di possesso del nuovo Arcivescovo | publisher = Chiesa di Milano | date = 9 September 2011 | url = http://www.incrocinews.it/chiesa-diocesi/la-presa-di-possesso-del-nuovo-arcivescovo-1.45494 | language = it | access-date = 18 September 2011 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120802102315/http://www.incrocinews.it/chiesa-diocesi/la-presa-di-possesso-del-nuovo-arcivescovo-1.45494 | archive-date = 2 August 2012}} Scola received from Pope Benedict XVI the pallium of Metropolitan Archbishop of Milan on 21 September 2011 at Castel Gandolfo. On 25 September 2011 he was enthroned in Milan.

On 7 March 2012 he was appointed a member of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches.{{cite web|url=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28883.php?index=28883&lang=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925092134/http://press.catholica.va/news_services/bulletin/news/28883.php?index=28883&lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 September 2013 |title=Rinunce E Nomine |publisher=Catholica.va |date=7 March 2012 |access-date=12 March 2013 }} On 21 April he was appointed a member of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

Scola knows Italian (as well as Lecchese dialect), English, German, French and a little Spanish.{{cite news |title=Scola Reaches Youth Through Kerouac and McCarthy |first=Colleen |last=Barry |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/scola-reaches-youth-kerouac-mccarthy-18663919 |newspaper=ABC News |date=6 March 2013 |access-date=10 March 2013}}

In 2013, Scola again was a leading candidate to be elected pope{{cite news|last1=Taylor|first1=Adam|title=The Archbishop of Milan Is Emerging As A Clear Papal Favorite|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/cardinal-angelo-scola-pope-favorite-2013-3|access-date=21 June 2017|work=Business Insider|date=8 March 2013}}—and the press service of the Italian Bishops' Conference mistakenly announced Scola's election{{cite news|last1=Drew|first1=Mark|title=Did the pundits get this year's conclave spectacularly wrong?|url=https://catholicherald.co.uk/commentandblogs/2013/03/25/did-the-pundits-get-this-years-conclave-spectacularly-wrong/|access-date=11 August 2024|work=Catholic Herald|date=25 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530030333/https://catholicherald.co.uk/commentandblogs/2013/03/25/did-the-pundits-get-this-years-conclave-spectacularly-wrong/ |archive-date=30 May 2016 }}—in the conclave that elected Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio, Pope Francis.

Pope Francis accepted Scola's resignation on 7 July 2017 and appointed Bishop Mario Delpini as his successor.{{cite news | access-date = 7 July 2017 | url = https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2017/07/07/pope-francis-accepts-scolas-resignation-appoints-native-son-delpini-milan | work = America | date = 7 July 2017 | title= Pope Francis accepts Scola's resignation, appoints native son Delpini to Milan| first = Gerard | last = O'Connell}} In retirement, Scola planned to live in Imberido, a village near Lake Annone.{{cite news | work = CRUX | access-date = 7 July 2017 | date = 7 July 2017 | first = John L. | last = Allen Jr. | url = https://cruxnow.com/analysis/2017/07/07/popes-move-milan-confirms-francis-bishop-doesnt-mean-rupture/ | title = Pope's move in Milan confirms that a 'Francis bishop' doesn't have to mean rupture | archive-date = 22 October 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181022063840/https://cruxnow.com/analysis/2017/07/07/popes-move-milan-confirms-francis-bishop-doesnt-mean-rupture/ | url-status = dead }}

In 2018, Scola expressed his opposition to Communion for the divorced and civilly remarried unless they live in complete continence, the possibility of which has been the focus of controversy surrounding Pope Francis's apostolic exhortation Amoris laetitia. Scola said withholding Communion is "not a punishment that can be taken away or reduced, but is inherent in the very character of Christian marriage".{{Cite news| url=http://catholicherald.co.uk/news/2018/09/06/cardinal-scola-communion-for-the-remarried-contradicts-church-teaching/|title=Cardinal Scola: Communion for the remarried contradicts Church teaching |date=6 September 2018|work=Catholic Herald |access-date=15 September 2018|language=en-US}}

Scola said in December 2014 that he had "discussed with Cardinals Marx, Daneels, and Schönborn in my 'minor circle' about the possible access to Communion for the divorced and remarried, but I cannot see how to combine on one side the indissolubility of the marriage, and on the other seeming to deny de facto the same principle". The cardinal suggested that the contradiction would result in "a separation between doctrine and pastoral care and discipline" which need to coexist in order to properly function. He said it was also difficult to raise the matter with younger couples suggesting that indissolubility becomes a watered down concept "if they know there will always be a possible exit".{{cite web|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/31052/cardinal-scola-pope-francis-will-stand-with-tradition-on-marriage|title=Cardinal Scola: Pope Francis will stand with tradition on marriage|date=3 December 2014|author=Andrea Gagliarducci|publisher=Catholic News Agency|access-date=4 August 2020}}

The cardinal is adamant that even though there are problematic marital situations, "marriage is not in crisis today" because there will always be pastoral accompaniment as well as the need to acknowledge "the deep understanding of who humankind is" and how it reflects upon both the origin and importance of the marital sacrament.{{cite web|url=https://www.romereports.com/en/2014/05/22/cardinal-scola-marriage-is-not-in-crisis/|title=Cardinal Scola: Marriage is not in crisis|publisher=Rome Reports|date=22 May 2014|access-date=4 August 2020}}

Scola supports stronger ecumenical ties between Catholicism and Islam "at a grassroots level" believing that there is much common ground between the two faiths, particularly, addressing persecution of Christian communities in the Middle East which Scola focuses on. The cardinal met with the Patriarch of Moscow Kirill on 12 November 2013, and previously said the meeting was not related in any way to the visit of President Vladimir Putin to Pope Francis at the Vatican.{{cite web|url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Card.-Scola-in-Moscow,-ecumenism-grows-from-encounter-between-the-faithful-29510.html|title=Card. Scola in Moscow, ecumenism grows from encounter between the faithful|date=11 November 2013|publisher=Asia News|access-date=4 August 2020}}

Scola has said in the past that it is also his duty to connect with the Orthodox faithful living in his archdiocese, "giving them churches where they can celebrate the divine liturgy and our experience of a greatly fraternal relationship". The cardinal has also said that while doctrinal and theological differences may linger, it was essential to recognize and collaborate on tackling common issues "like the family, justice, life".

In a 2012 conference, Scola refuted the idea of the Second Vatican Council being a battle of continuity versus discontinuity, suggesting instead that the documents that were promulgated during the Council only further enriched the Church by expanding upon previous magisterial teachings. Scola said that "there is no animosity between Vatican II as an event and as a body of documents, but rather conformity".{{cite web|url=https://www.praytellblog.com/index.php/2013/03/01/liturgical-views-of-the-papabili-cardinal-angelo-scola/|title=Liturgical Views of the Papabili: Cardinal Angelo Scola|publisher=Pray Tell|author=Massimo Faggioli|date=1 March 2013|access-date=4 August 2020}}

Scola favors celebrating the Tridentine Mass and has defended Pope Benedict's 2007 authorization of its wider use alongside other conservative cardinals such as Camillo Ruini and Carlo Caffarra. In Padua in 2017, he issued a strong defense of the Mass and when he became archbishop of Milan immediately sought to reverse his predecessor's restrictions on its use. He took similar actions as patriarch of Venice.

Scola is the author of numerous theological and pedagogical works on topics such as bio-medical ethics, theological anthropology, human sexuality and marriage and the family, which have been translated into several languages. In addition, he is the author of more than 120 articles published in scholarly journals of philosophy and theology.

;Published works

• {{cite book | title = Hans Urs Von Balthasar: A Theological Style | publisher = Eerdmans Publishing Company | date = 1 September 1995 | isbn = 0-8028-0894-8}}
• {{cite book | title = The Nuptial Mystery | publisher = Eerdmans Publishing Company | date = 15 February 2005 | isbn = 0-8028-2831-0}}
• {{cite book|author1=Angelo Scola|first2=Emanuele|last2=Severino|author-link2=Emanuele Severino|author3=Ines Testoni|author4=Giulio Goggi|title=Il morire tra ragione e fede|publisher= Marcianum Press|location= Venice |year=2014|oclc=895661830|isbn=9788865122594}}{{cite web|first1=Ilaria|last1=Vigorelli|url=https://www.ilsussidiario.net/news/cultura/2014/11/1/letture-scola-severino-la-morte-non-e-un-optional/549636/|title=Scola-Severino, la morte non è un optional|date=November 1, 2014|language=Italian}}{{cite web|url=https://angeloscola.it/la-morte-contesa-scola-e-severino-in-dialogo/|title=La morte contesa: Scola e Severino in dialogo|date=March 20, 2009|language=Italian}}

;Online texts

• [http://communio-icr.com/articles/PDF/scola28-3.pdf Which Foundation?] (PDF file)
• [http://communio-icr.com/articles/PDF/scola30-2.pdf The Nuptial Mystery: A Perspective for Systematic Theology?] (PDF file)
• [http://www.ewtn.com/library/THEOLOGY/EXTHEO.htm Christian Experience and Theology]
• [http://www.cin.org/lor/satan5.html Satanic Rites in the Church's Judgement]

{{reflist|30em}}

{{wikiquote}}

{{commonscat}}

• {{cite web| access-date = 26 November 2017| title= Scola Card. Angelo |publisher= Holy See Press Office | url= https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_scola_a.html | url-status=live | archive-date= 4 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070500/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_scola_a.html }}
• [http://www.angeloscola.it/ Official website]
• {{YouTube|hQ36ep1qu1I|Salt+Light Media: Habemus Papabili – John Allen on Cardinal Angelo Scola}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060811013337/http://www.cisro.org/ International Journal Oasis]

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{{s-bef|before=Adelmo Tacconi}}

{{s-ttl|title=Bishop of Grosseto|years=20 July 1991 – 14 September 1995}}

{{s-aft|after=Giacomo Babini}}

{{s-break}}

{{s-bef|before=Umberto Betti}}

{{s-ttl|title=Rector Magnificus of the Pontifical Lateran University|years=14 September 1995 – 5 January 2002}}

{{s-aft|after=Salvatore Fisichella}}

{{s-break}}

{{s-bef|before=Marco Cé}}

{{s-ttl||title=Patriarch of Venice|years=5 January 2002 – 28 June 2011}}

{{s-aft|after=Francesco Moraglia}}

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{{s-bef |before=Giovanni Battista Re}}

{{s-ttl|title=Cardinal-Priest of Santi XII Apostoli|years=21 October 2003 –}}

{{s-inc}}

{{s-break}}

{{s-bef| before=Dionigi Tettamanzi}}

{{s-ttl|title=Archbishop of Milan|years=9 September 2011 – 7 July 2017}}

{{s-aft|after=Mario Enrico Delpini}}

{{s-end}}

{{Cardinals of the Catholic Church}}

{{Bishops and Archbishops of Milan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scola, Angelo}}

Category:1941 births

Category:Archbishops of Milan

Category:Bishops of Grosseto

Category:Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II

Category:Communion and Liberation

Category:21st-century Italian cardinals

Category:Living people

Category:Members of the Congregation for the Clergy

Category:Members of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith

Category:Members of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches

Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for Culture

Category:Members of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation

Category:Patriarchs of Venice

Category:People from the Province of Lecco

Category:Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore alumni

Category:University of Fribourg alumni

Category:20th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops

Category:21st-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops

Category:Bishops appointed by Pope John Paul II