Angkuoch

The angkuoch (Khmer: អង្គួច) is a Cambodian jaw harp (sometimes known as mouth harp or Jew's harp).{{cite web |last=Poss |first=M.D. |title=Cambodian Bamboo Jew's Harps |url=https://mouthmusic.com/trumps.htm |access-date=27 October 2018 |website=mouthmusic.com |quote=...these bamboo Jew's harps are easy to hold and may be longer lasting due to being made of thicker material than many other similar instruments. Held against the lips, they are easy to play and offer the same full, percussive sound as the "Kubings." |archive-date=8 September 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990908054109/http://www.mouthmusic.com/trumps.htm |url-status=dead }} It is a folk instrument made of bamboo or iron. File:Angkuoch.jpg

The bamboo version is carved into a long, flat shape with a hole in the center and a tongue of bamboo across the hole.{{cite book|last1= Khean|first1= Yun|last2= Dorivan|first2= Keo|last3= Lina|first3= Y|last4= Lenna|first4= Mao|title= Traditional Musical Instruments of Cambodia|url= http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001352/135257mb.pdf|location= Kingdom of Cambodia|publisher= United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|pages= 146–147|archive-date= 2018-10-10|access-date= 2018-10-26|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181010135005/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001352/135257mb.pdf|url-status= live}} The bamboo tongue is not removable, which makes the instrument an idioglot. The metal variety is more round or tree-leaf shaped. It may also have metal bells attached.

The angkuoch is, in a sense, both a wind instrument and percussion instrument. As a wind instrument, it is played by placing it against the mouth; percussively, it is played by plucking the reed. These two actions happen simultaneously in playing. The hand holding the instrument holds it with the thumb and forefinger facing each other, holding it firmly. This adds mass to the instrument and makes it louder. The mouth acts as a resonator and as a tool to alter the sound.

Although mainly a folk instrument, some angkuoch (the plural form) are better crafted than is considered common for folk instruments.

Social context

The instrument was thought to be the invention of children herding cattle, and is often used in private contexts for the entertainment and enjoyment of its player. It is also sometimes used in public performance, to accompany Mahori music in public dancing.

Social and cultural shifts in Cambodia over the last half-century, including the consequences of the Khmer Rouge genocide in the 1970s, mean that very few people still know how to make and play the instrument.{{Cite web |last1=Grant |first1=Catherine |last2=Song |first2=Seng |last3=Say |first3=Tola |date=10 September 2020 |title=Stories of Cambodian "Angkuoch:" Documenting a rare musical instrument, its makers and players |url=https://www.emkp.org/stories-of-cambodian-angkuoch-documenting-a-rare-musical-instrument-its-makers-and-players/ |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=Endangered Material Knowledge Programme, British Museum}} In 2020, there was believed to potentially be only one remaining proficient maker of the rarer iron angkuoch: a man in his 70s called Bin Song, living in Siem Reap Province.

Documentation

In 2020, the angkuoch was the subject of an international documentation project funded by the [https://www.emkp.org/ Endangered Material Knowledge Programme] of the British Museum.{{Cite web |title=Endangered Material Knowledge Programme |url=https://www.emkp.org/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Endangered Material Knowledge Programme |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803044615/https://www.emkp.org/ |url-status=live }} Led by Australian music researcher Catherine Grant in collaboration with a Cambodian team, the project documented the making of the bamboo and iron angkuoch as practised in Siem Riep province, Cambodia.

Outcomes included several hours of video documentation, hundreds of photographs, interview transcripts, and a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIJWKrdWn5g 20-minute video documentary].{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIJWKrdWn5g |title="Angkuoch": Rediscovering the Cambodian Jew's Harp |date=2020-09-29 |last=Catherine Grant |access-date=2024-07-31 |via=YouTube}} All project assets are freely available on the [https://drs.britishmuseum.org/projects/Documenting_the_Instrument_and_Instrument-making_of_Angkuoch_Cambodian_Mouth_Harp/80576 project webpage of the British Museum's digital repository].{{Cite web |title=Documenting the Instrument and Instrument-making of Angkuoch, Cambodian Mouth Harp |url=https://drs.britishmuseum.org/projects/Documenting_the_Instrument_and_Instrument-making_of_Angkuoch_Cambodian_Mouth_Harp/80576 |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=drs.britishmuseum.org}}

Museum holdings

Until 2020, the British Museum had one angkuoch in its collection, a bamboo instrument made in the 1960s.

During the British Museum project, the project team purchased two angkuoch directly from their makers in Siem Reap province, using project funds. These instruments were sent to the [https://www.emkp.org/ Endangered Material Knowledge Programme], which gave the objects to the British Museum's Asia Department to add to its holdings.

References

External links

[http://vayofm.com/uploads/22732e3706.jpg Picture of Angkuoch with bell]
[http://www.mouthmusic.com/Audio/MP3/cabodianBamboo1.mp3 Sound clip of an Angkuoch being played.]
[https://mouthmusic.com/images/Cambodian-Bamboo-(Small).jpg Picture of Angkuoch that shows the instrument's tongue.]
[https://drs.britishmuseum.org/projects/Documenting_the_Instrument_and_Instrument-making_of_Angkuoch_Cambodian_Mouth_Harp/80576 Digital repository of the British Museum's documentation project dedicated to Angkuoch.]
[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_2020-3017-2 Catalogue entry of one of the instruments acquired in 2020 by the British Museum.]

Category:Cambodian musical instruments