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Angophora

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}

{{Use Australian English|date=July 2024}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Angophora costata - 1923 @ Maranoa.jpg

| image_caption = Angophora costata

| display_parents = 2

| taxon = Angophora

| authority = Cav.

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See text

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Angophora is a genus of nine species of trees and shrubs in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Endemic to eastern Australia, they differ from other eucalypts in having juvenile and adult leaves arranged in opposite pairs, sepals reduced to projections on the edge of the floral cup, four or five overlapping, more or less round petals, and a papery or thin, woody, often strongly ribbed capsule. Species are found between the Atherton Tableland in Queensland and south through New South Wales to eastern Victoria, Australia.

Description

Plants in the genus Angophora are trees, occasionally shrubs, with rough bark except for A. costata. The juvenile leaves differ from adult leaves in being hairy with raised oil glands. Both juvenile and adult leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, the adult leaves usually glabrous and paler on the lower surface. The flower buds are arranged in groups of three or seven. The flower has four or five small sepals, reduced to small projections on the rim of the floral cup. There are four or five more or less round, keeled, overlapping petals and whorls of many creamy white stamens. Unlike in Eucalyptus and Corymbia, the petals and sepals are not fused to form a cap-like operculum. The fruit is a papery or thin, slightly woody, hairy capsule with longitudinal ribs.{{cite web |last1=Hill |first1=Ken |title=Corymbia |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&showsyn=&dist=&constat=&lvl=gn&name=Angophora |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=3 March 2020}}{{cite web |title=More about Angophora |url=https://www.publish.csiro.au/samples/euclidsample/html/More_about_Angophora.htm |publisher=Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research |access-date=3 March 2020}}{{cite web |last1=Chippendale |first1=George M. |title=Angophora |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Angophora |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra |access-date=3 March 2020}}

Taxonomy

The genus Angophora was first formally described in 1797 by Antonio José Cavanilles in his book Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum.{{cite web|title=Angophora|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/513969|publisher=APNI|access-date=3 March 2020}}{{cite book |last1=Cavanilles |first1=Antonio J. |title=Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum (Volume 4) |date=1797 |location=Madrid |page=21 |url=https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/9682/?offset=#page=25&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q= |access-date=3 March 2020}}

Angophora is closely related to Corymbia and Eucalyptus, and all three genera are often referred to as "eucalypts". Collectively the eucalypts dominate many Australian ecosystems.{{cite web |title=Eucalypts: Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora |url=https://anpsa.org.au/genera/eucalypts-eucalyptus-corymbia-angophora/ |publisher=Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) |access-date=29 June 2024}} Taxonomists have long recognised the relationships between the eucalypt taxa, but have not agreed upon a classification scheme. Some have proposed merging Angophora and Corymbia into genus Eucalyptus as subgenera,Brooker, M. I. H. (2000). [http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/SB98008 A new classification of the genus Eucalyptus L'Her.(Myrtaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 13(1), 79-148.] a plan which was immediately rejected by others.Ladiges, P. Y. and F. Udovicic. (2000). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235491523 Comment on a new classification of the eucalypts.] Australian Systematic Botany 13(1), 149-52. Some authors maintain Angophora as a genus,Steane, D. A., et al. (2001). [https://eprints.utas.edu.au/3236/1/Steane-Sil-Gen-2001.pdf Development and characterisation of microsatellite loci in Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae).] Silvae Genetica 50(2), 89-91. while others continue to debate the issue.Brummitt, R. K. (2003). [http://depts.washington.edu/phylo/LabMeetingReadings/Week1/BrummittParaphyly1.pdf Further dogged defense of paraphyletic taxa.] Taxon 52(4), 803-04.Nelson, G., et al. (2003). [http://depts.washington.edu/phylo/LabMeetingReadings/Week1/NelsonReply.pdf Brummitt on paraphyly: a response.] Taxon 52(2), 295-98.

Among the eucalypts, Angophora species were nicknamed "apples" by European settlers, who thought they resembled apple trees. Many are still known commonly as apples today.

Species

The following is a list species of accepted by the Australian Plant Census as at March 2020:{{cite web |title=Angophora |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/search?product=APC&tree.id=51209179&name=Angophora&inc._scientific=&inc._cultivar=&max=100&display=apc&search=true |publisher=Australian Plant Census |access-date=3 March 2020}}

Distribution

Angophoras are found in coastal Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria from the Atherton Tableland to eastern Victoria.

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Angophora hispida DSC 7157 (11023015645).jpg |A. hispida buds & flowers

Angophora hispida DSC 6592 (33368522242).jpg|A. hispida fruit

Angophora hispida Angophora hispida new growth IMG 5611 (1867066136).jpg|A. hispida lignotuber regrowth after fire

Angophora hispida DSC 4503 (27666550975).jpg|A. hispida opposite and decussate leaves

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References

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External links

{{Commons category|Angophora}}

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Category:Endemic flora of Australia

Category:Myrtaceae genera

Category:Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles

Category:Myrtales of Australia