Ann Newmarch

Ann Foster Newmarch (9 June 1945 – 13 January 2022) {{post-nominals| country=AUS|OAM}}, known as "Annie", was a South Australian painter, printmaker, sculptor and academic, with an international reputation, known for her community service to art, social activism and feminism. She co-founded the Progressive Art Movement and the Women's Art Movement (WAM) in Adelaide, and is especially known for her iconic 1978 colour screenprint piece titled Women Hold Up Half the Sky!.

Early life and education

Ann Foster Newmarch{{cite web | title=Newmarch, Ann, 1945-2022 - Full record view | website=Libraries Australia | date=13 January 2022 | url=https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=35982266 | access-date=28 January 2022}}{{cite web| title=Ann Foster Newmarch: biography | website=Design and Art Australia Online | date=6 January 2021| quote = Created 1 January 1996 | url=https://www.daao.org.au/bio/ann-foster-newmarch/ | access-date=28 January 2022}} was born on 9 June 1945{{cite web| url=https://agsa-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/media/dd/files/MEDIA_RELEASE_Ann_Newmarch_remembered.b85a19f.pdf| publisher= Art Gallery of South Australia| series=Media release| title= Ann Newmarch, remembered for her ground-breaking work as a feminist artist, 1945–2022| date=18 January 2022 | access-date=24 January 2022}} in Adelaide, South Australia.

She graduated with a teaching diploma from the Western Teachers College in 1966 after three years' attendance there, after which she studied philosophy and psychology at Flinders University in Adelaide for a year.{{cite web | title=Ann Newmarch 200 years: Willy Willy | website=University of Canberra | date=12 October 2020 | url=https://www.canberra.edu.au/on-campus/art-collection/the-art-collection/ann-newmarch-200-years-willy-willy | access-date=8 February 2022 | quote=According to the Flinders University, 200 years: Willy Willy was created as part of a three-week residency at the Victorian Print Workshop in Melbourne for the National Gallery of Australia's Bicentennial Arts program | archive-date=27 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127092901/https://www.canberra.edu.au/on-campus/art-collection/the-art-collection/ann-newmarch-200-years-willy-willy | url-status=dead }}

She spent 1968 teaching art, at Croydon and Mitcham Girls High Schools, and became a lecturer at the South Australian School of Art in 1969, continuing there until 2000.{{efn|Conflicting sources give different explanations, but assume the CV version is correct as it would have been approved by her. An earlier version of this article says "She went on to attend the South Australian School of Art{{Cite web|last=hutr|title=Antecedent History|url=https://www.unisa.edu.au/Business-community/Alumni-network/Antecedent-History/|access-date=2020-09-15|website=www.unisa.edu.au|language=en}} in Adelaide. When she graduated from this school, she became one of the few women to serve as an instructor there in 1969."}}

In 1973 to 1974 Newmarch continued to study philosophy, and also took subjects such as women's studies and politics and art at Flinders, as she evolved into an overtly political artist.

Career

Newmarch was one of the first female teachers at the South Australian School of Art, and was the first woman to be the subject of a retrospective exhibition at the Art Gallery of South Australia in 1997, The Personal is Political. She lived and worked in the inner-northern suburb of Prospect for around 50 years, working at her studio in Beatrice Street. She was the first person to be appointed artist-in-residence with City of Prospect.

In 1969 she held her first solo exhibition at the Robert Bolton Gallery in Adelaide, but criticised commercial galleries for being dominated by male artists and driven by the market.

Her striking image entitled Women Hold Up Half the Sky! (1978) had a huge impact on both her career and other artists, and is the most well-known of all her works. At the end of 1978, she started running screen-printing workshops Prospect studio, and also founded the Prospect Mural Group in that year.

In 1980, after a trip to the US and UK, Newmarch and other members of WAM painted Reclaim the Night for the Adelaide Festival of Arts, featuring women staging a street protest along with word art. She was the initiator of Stobie pole art in 1983, a practice which continues today.

In 1988, upon being invited to China along with Anne Morris on a Sino-Australian cultural exchange, the two Australian artists worked with four Chinese artists on a series of large murals in Xianyang, in Shaanxi province.

When she turned 50 in 1995, Newmarch shaved her head and painted copies of paintings by well-known male artists on it.{{cite web | title=How our art museums finally opened their eyes to Australian women artists | website=UNSW | date=12 September 2018 | url=https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2018/09/how-our-art-museums-finally-opened-their-eyes-to-australian-wome | access-date=4 June 2024}}

Art practice

Newmarch's work is extensive and she did not hold to an individualistic prescriptive signature style. She was introduced to the women's movement in 1970 and balanced teaching, mothering and artmaking with community and cultural development work.{{Cite web|last=Newmarch|first=Ann|date=2020|title=ms|url=https://nga.gov.au/knowmyname/artists.cfm?artistirn=12130|website=National Gallery of Australia}} She worked in painting, printmaking, and sculpture, but was especially known her experimental printmaking practice, sometimes using personal imagery to make social and political points about the role of women in society.

Her art practice was concerned with the gendered basis of the world and is a practitioner whose work critiques underlying assumptions around understandings of gender.{{Cite journal|last=Maughan|first=Janet|date=2009|title=Ann Newmarch: opening pandora's box|journal=Artlink|volume=29|issue=3|pages=62–67}} Embracing feminism from the early 1970s, her art practice highlights that all representation is political and the absence of voice is in itself an acceptance of the status quo. Her early work heavily featured silkscreen printing, a relatively cheap and accessible form of art, and one at which she excelled.{{cite book| author=Robinson, Julie| chapter=Ann Newmarch| editor1= Bullock, N.| editor2= Cole, K| editor3= Hart, D| editor4= Pitt, E |title= Know My Name| publisher= National Gallery of Australia| date=2020| pages= 274–275| via=NGA| url=https://knowmyname.nga.gov.au/artists/ann-newmarch/}}

Later, in the 1990s, her work included more sculptural objects, and after that she focused on the objects being the subjects, allowing hands and the body to become canvases for the exploration of artmaking.

Her work has been described as political, feminist, emotional, personal, and complex. Her art practice epitomised "the personal is political", and included representations of women's unseen labour, motherhood, and other women's issues. In an article in Lip: A Feminist Arts Journal (1981), Newmarch wrote that with her work she aimed to reach "women who are oppressed by sexism and people who are exploited by capitalism", and that her work was not aimed at "an 'elite educated' art gallery audience who can afford to ‘invest’ in art".

She later wrote:{{blockquote|Art should be made out of personal experience not out of "art" concerns. Personal experience is only a useful source of art when it is accompanied by an understanding of the social conditions in which it arises. An artist has a responsibility as an image make to concerns wider than herself or her art.}}

=''Women Hold Up Half the Sky!''=

Newmarch's most well-known work, Women Hold Up Half the Sky! (1978) is a colour screenprint based on a photograph created in 1978, was so titled as a play on the phrase "Women hold up half the sky" made by former Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong.

Originally designed as a poster, it shows a photo of a middle-aged woman carrying a man in her arms, with the words written at the bottom. The woman in the photo was her Aunt Peggy, a single mother who raised eight children, and by the time of the artwork, had 23 grandchildren and seven great‑grandchildren. She much admired by Newmarch, seeing her as someone who lived an unconventional and feminist lifestyle, having mostly built a house on her own, learning the work usually done by tradespeople and doing it herself. The tiny 1940s snapshot on which the screenprint was based was "a little summer picture of something [Peggy] had done for a dare when a whole lot of people at a party had said ‘I bet you couldn’t lift your husband up’". Newmarch's work, which included adding Mao's famous quote, turned it into an empowering image for women. In it, she aimed to "show the strong encouraging aspects of women", in contrast to her earlier work focussing more on suburban alienation, and criticism of images of women in advertising.

Newmarch said of the work "It was never intended as an art image, it was intended as a confirming, joyful, cheap available poster"; however, it has had a huge impact, being exhibited all over Australia and the world.

Political activism

Newmarch had a huge interest in politics, which always played a role in her work. Her work was infused with her social, political and environmental concerns, which included Aboriginal land rights. She was a significant figure in Adelaide's Women's Art Movement (WAM),{{Cite web|last=|last2=|last3=|title=Ann Newmarch|url=https://knowmyname.nga.gov.au/artists/ann-newmarch/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=National Gallery of Australia}} founded on 7 August 1976.{{cite web | title=Women's Art Movement |first1= Robin |last1=Secomb |first2=Rosemary| last2= Francis| website=The Australian Women's Register| publisher= University of Melbourne | date=1 May 2009 | url=https://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE1034b.htm | access-date=24 January 2022}}

In 1974 Newmarch was co-founder, with philosopher Brian Medlin, of the Progressive Art Movement (PAM), which focused on political issues, social concerns, and education.{{cite web | last=Wong | first=Pamela | title= Obituary: Ann Newmarch (1945–2022) | website=ArtAsiaPacific | date=20 January 2022 | url=https://artasiapacific.com/news/obituary-ann-newmarch-1945-2022 | access-date=29 January 2022}} It arose from a course at Flinders University called Politics and Art, and was inspired by Marxist Leninist theory.{{cite web | last=Foster | first=Farrin | title=The art of protest: Exhibiting Adelaide's radical past | website=InReview | date=17 May 2024 | url=https://inreview.com.au/inreview/2024/05/17/the-art-of-protest-exhibiting-adelaides-radical-past/ | access-date=3 June 2024}} The group included students, writers, artists, filmmakers, and poets among its membership. Other artists associated with PAM included Robert Boynes,{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article130553674 |title=Creative struggle of a significant Australian: Robert Boynes: Three Decades, Nolan Gallery| first=Sasha |last= Grishin| author-link=Sasha Grishin|newspaper=The Canberra Times |volume=70 |issue=21,954 |location=Australian Capital Territory |date=27 May 1995 |access-date=29 January 2022 |page=57 |via=National Library of Australia}} Mandy Martin{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article120918102 |title=Art |newspaper=The Canberra Times |volume=63 |issue=19,524 |location=Australian Capital Territory |date=23 March 1989 |access-date=29 January 2022 |page=32 |via=National Library of Australia}} Margaret Dodd, Bert Flugelman, and Ken Searle.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article263301731 |title=Art in Adelaide |newspaper=The Australian Jewish Times| first= Ruth |last= Faerber |volume=84 |issue=44 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=14 July 1977 |access-date=29 January 2022 |page=14 |via=National Library of Australia}}

Recognition and awards

In 1989 Newmarch was awarded a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for her services to the arts.
On 22 September 2010, she was awarded the Australia Day Award for her photograph piece titled Women Hold Up Half the Sky, a production that shows how amazingly strong women are. The piece was a tribute to her Auntie Peg who built a house on her own while raising eight children and working two jobs, and was recreated as a postcard for four major galleries.
In October 2019, the City of Prospect renamed their community gallery (formerly the Prospect Gallery){{ cite web| website=Newmarch Gallery| url= https://www.newmarchgallery.com.au/about| title= About |access-date =27 January 2022}} the Newmarch Gallery, to honour her long involvement with community arts at the Community Association of Prospect and the Prospect Mural Group.
In December 2019, Newmarch was "Highly Commended" in the Geoff Crowhurst Memorial Award category at the South Australian Ruby Awards.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dpc.sa.gov.au/responsibilities/arts-and-culture/awards-and-events/ruby-awards|title=Ruby Awards |date=2019-12-02| website=Department of the Premier and Cabinet|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-12-04}}

=For individual works=

Women Hold Up Half the Sky! (1978)
A major exhibition mounted by the National Gallery of Australia in 1995 was given its title, Women Hold Up Half the Sky, by Newmarch's print.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127521310 |title=Affirming the role of women artists| first= Sonia |last= Barron |newspaper=The Canberra Times |volume=70 |issue=21,897 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=31 March 1995 |access-date=7 February 2022 |page=13 |via=National Library of Australia}}
2007: the only Australian work selected for the Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles' exhibition WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution
2020–21: included in the Know my Name exhibition at the National Gallery of Australia

Death and legacy

Newmarch died peacefully on Thursday 13 January 2022. She was survived by her three children: Jake Newmarch, Bruno Medlin and Jessie Kerr.

She left a rich legacy of artwork, as well as raising awareness of many issues, and founding the Progressive Art Movement and mentoring many women artists. An obituary in ARTnews, an American visual arts magazine based in New York City, said that she had "reshaped the Australian art scene as an educator and activist".{{cite web | title=Vale Ann Newmarch Dead: Feminist Australian Artist and Activist Dies | website=ARTnews.com |first= Francesca| last=Aton| date=21 January 2022 | url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/vale-ann-newmarch-dead-1234616344/ | access-date=28 January 2022}}

In February 2022 Sydney artist Vivienne Binns called Newmarch a "giant", to whom she had yet to pay proper tribute.{{cite interview| first=Vivienne| last=Binns |interviewer-first= Daniel| interviewer-last= Browning | title=The radical work of Vivienne Binns | website=ABC Radio National| publisher= Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=9 February 2022| series= The Art Show | url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/the-art-show/vivienne-binns-jazmina-cininas/13745918 | access-date=8 February 2022}}

Women Hold Up Half the Sky! became an icon of the feminist movement in Australia.

Stobie poles continue to be decorated in Adelaide.

Exhibitions

Newmarch's work was displayed in numerous galleries around Adelaide, including Greenaway Art Gallery (1994, 1995, 1996, 2001) and Prospect Gallery (1992, 1999, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009).

The works Suburban window (1973) and Three months of interrupted work (1977), were included in significant feminist exhibitions, such as A Room of One’s Own (Melbourne, 1974) and The Women's Show (Adelaide, 1977).

Other notable exhibitions include:

As the Serpent Struggles, first held at the Experimental Art Foundation in 1987 and subsequently elsewhere
The Personal is Political, first and major retrospective, at AGSA, 1997
Anticipation, JamFactory Atrium and Prospect Gallery, 2005 to 2007
WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution at the Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles, 2007
Survey exhibition at the Northern Centre for Contemporary Art in Darwin, Northern Territory, 2017

Collections

Newmarch's artworks are held in all state galleries, including more than 40 works held by the Art Gallery of South Australia, as well as in major private collections.

Major collections holding her work include:{{ cite web| title = Ann Newmarch: Curriculum Vitae| date= December 2020| url=https://www.newmarchgallery.com.au/_files/ugd/d8fc06_195a2293458a4ad3bd5bca5643e36c87.pdf |access-date =28 January 2022}}

Art Gallery of South Australia
Art Gallery of New South Wales
Australian War Museum
Ballarat Fine Art Gallery
Bendigo Art Gallery
Luilichang Cultural Trust, Beijing, China
City of Hamilton Art Gallery
Flinders University Art Museum
Griffith University
Naracoorte Art Gallery
National Gallery of Australia
National Gallery of Victoria
Newcastle Art Gallery
Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston, Tasmania
Queensland Institute of Technology
Riddoch Art Gallery, Mount Gambier
SA Dept of the Premier and Cabinet
University of Canberra
University Art Museum, University of Queensland
University of South Australia Art Museum, Adelaide
University of Tasmania, Hobart
Warrnambool Art Gallery

Footnotes

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web|title=Ann Foster Newmarch|url=http://www.daao.org.au/bio/ann-foster-newmarch/biography/|website=Design & Art Australia Online|access-date=12 November 2014}}

{{cite web|title=Ann Newmarch|url=http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6209|website=National Museum of Women in the Arts|publisher=CLARA|access-date=8 October 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114185748/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=6209| archive-date= 14 Nov 2018}}

{{cite web|last1=Vickery|first1=Ann|title=The Rise of 'Women's Poetry' in the 1970s: An Initial Survey into New Australian Poetry, the Women's Movement, and a Matrix of Revolutions.|url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/25507466|publisher=Taylor & Francis|access-date=12 November 2014}}{{cite web|last1=Boycroft|first1=Madison|title=Ann Newmarch's Open Studio|url=http://thethousands.com.au/adelaide/look/ann-newmarch-s-open-studio|website=LOOK Five Thousand|access-date=8 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112205332/http://thethousands.com.au/adelaide/look/ann-newmarch-s-open-studio|archive-date=12 November 2014|url-status=dead}}

{{cite web|last1=Dooley|title=Ann Newmarch with "Women Hold Up Half the Sky"|url=http://s106.photobucket.com/user/Dooley_04/media/The%20Arts/Australian/annnewmarchwoman-hold-up-half-the-sky.jpg.html|website=Photobucket|access-date=8 October 2014}}}}