Anna Demidova

{{Infobox person

| name = Anna Demidova

| image = Anna Demidova.jpg

| image_size = 180px

| caption = Anna Demidova

| birth_date = {{birth date|1878|1|26|df=y}}

| birth_place = Cherepovets, Russian Empire

| death_date = {{death date and age|1918|7|17|1878|1|26|df=y}}

| death_place = Ipatiev House, Yekaterinburg, Russian Soviet Republic

| occupation = Lady's maid

| parents = Stepan Demidov (father)

}}

Anna Stepanovna Demidova (26 January 1878 – 17 July 1918) was a lady's maid in the service of Empress Alexandra of Russia. She stayed with the Romanov family when they were arrested, and was murdered together with Alexandra and the Romanov family on 17 July 1918.

She had shared the Romanov family's exile at Tobolsk and Ekaterinburg following the Russian Revolution of 1917 before their murder. She is remembered for staying with the Romanovs to the end. In 1981 she was canonized as an Orthodox martyr by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR) but not by the Russian Orthodox Church.

Life

Anna Demidova, whose nickname was "Nyuta," was described in adulthood as a "tall, statuesque blonde."King, Greg, and Wilson, Penny, The Fate of the Romanovs, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2003, {{ISBN|0-471-20768-3}}, pp. 63–64 She was the daughter of Stepan Demidov and his wife. Her father was a well-off merchant in Cherepovets, where he also served on the Cherepovets City Duma, and was a member of the House of Demidov, a Russian noble family. Demidova graduated from the Yaroslavl Institute for Maids with a teaching certificate.{{CN|date=November 2021}}

She was a good friend of Elizaveta Ersberg, a parlormaid at the court, and was once engaged to Ersberg's brother Nikolai. About 1905 Ersberg secured her friend a position at the court as a governess.[https://books.google.com/books?id=L3VS4Kqa_nAC&dq=anna+stepanovna+demidova&pg=PA116 Radzinsky, Edvard. The Last Tsar: The Life and Death of Nicholas II, p.116, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2011] {{ISBN|9780307754622}} In his memoirs, Charles Sydney Gibbes, the Romanov children's English tutor, described Demidova as "of a singularly timid and shrinking disposition."

=Exile and death=

File:Anna Demidova facial rec.jpg Later Demidova began working more directly in service to Tsarina Alexandra and followed her into captivity. In April 1918, after the Russian Revolution, she accompanied her mistress, Tsar Nicholas II, and Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia when they were transferred by Bolsheviks from Tobolsk to Ekaterinburg. The remaining four Romanov children and other members of their retinue stayed behind in Tobolsk for a month because the Tsarevich Alexei was ill as a result of his hemophilia. As her group left Tobolsk, Demidova said to Gibbes, "I am so frightened of the Bolsheviks, Mr. Gibbes. I don't know what they will do to us."King and Wilson, p. 87

On the night of the murders, the family was awakened and told to dress. Demidova carried two pillows into which gems had been sewn. After the first volley of fire by the firing squad, Demidova, who had fainted after being wounded, revived and, finding herself still alive, exclaimed "Thank God! God has saved me!" Hearing her, the killers turned on her. Crying, she attempted to defend herself, but was stabbed to death with bayonets.King and Wilson, p. 311

Discovery of remains

The Bolsheviks, followed by the Soviet Union government, tried to suppress information about the murders of the Romanov family and their retainers. In 1979 the gravesite containing most of the bodies was found by an amateur, but the government did not acknowledge this until 1989, in the period of glasnost. DNA analysis and forensics were used to identify the Romanov members.

The remains of Tsarevich Alexei and one of his sisters were missing from this gravesite, but were finally discovered in 2007 in another, nearby, unmarked gravesite. Their identities were confirmed by DNA analysis, but the Russian Orthodox Church asked to retain Alexei's remains for more testing and, as of 2015, still held them.

Funeral

A state funeral was held on 17 July 1998, in Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg for the Romanov family, Demidova, and the other victims killed by the Bolsheviks 80 years earlier. Demidova's grandniece, Natalie Demidova, was among the attendees.{{cite web|year=1998 |title=17 July 1998: The funeral of Tsar Nicholas II |work=romanovfundforrussia.org |url=http://www.romanovfundforrussia.org/family/funeral.html |access-date=28 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061229180236/http://www.romanovfundforrussia.org/family/funeral.html |archive-date=29 December 2006 |url-status=dead }} At the time, leaders of the Russian Orthodox Church did not attend because they disputed the identification of victims.

Canonization

In 2000, the Russian Orthodox Church canonized all seven members of the Russian Imperial Family: Nicholas and Alexandra, and their five children.

Anna and other members of the court who stayed with the royal family until their last moments, ending up being murdered by the Bolsheviks, were also canonized.

In literature and drama

Demidova is featured as a character in the play, Ekaterinburg (2013) by D. Logan. It explores the time in captivity of the Romanovs and their retainers in the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg.Logan, D., Ekaterinburg: A Play (2013) {{ISBN|978-0-9873296-9-1}}