Anneke Levelt Sengers
{{Short description|Dutch physicist (1929–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Anneke Levelt Sengers
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| birth_date = {{birth date|1929|03|04|df=y}}
| birth_place = Amsterdam, Netherlands
| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|02|28|1929|03|04|df=y}}
| death_place = Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.
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| other_names = Johanna Levelt Sengers
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| nationality = Dutch
| fields = Physics
| workplaces = NIST
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| alma_mater = University of Amsterdam
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| spouse = Jan Vincent Sengers{{Cite web |url=http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Sengers,_Johanna_Levelt@902123456.html |title=Johanna Levelt Sengers Contributions Publications Honors |access-date=10 March 2024 |website=cwp.library.ucla.edu |publisher=CWP and Regents of the University of California |date=2001}}
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Johanna Maria Henrica (Anneke) Levelt Sengers (4 March 1929 – 28 February 2024) was a Dutch physicist known for her work on critical states of fluids. She retired from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 1994, after a 31 year career there.{{citation|url=http://www.boulder.nist.gov/div838/ProfilesSengers.html|title=Johanna M.H. Anneke Levelt Sengers (Scientist Emeritus)|work=Selected Employee Profiles|publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, Thermophysical Properties Division|access-date=29 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122301/http://www.boulder.nist.gov/div838/ProfilesSengers.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nist.gov/mml/csd/johanna-mh-levelt-sengers-curriculum-vitae |website=nist.gov |access-date=10 March 2024 |title=Johanna M.H. Levelt Sengers Curriculum Vitae |date=November 15, 2019 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}} In 2005 Levelt Sengers was co-chair (with Dr Manju Sharma) for the InterAcademy Council of the advisory report 'Women for Science' published June 2006. She co-chaired the InterAmerican Network of Academies of Sciences women for science program.{{citation|url=http://www.ianas.org/women.html|title=Women for Science|publisher=InterAmerican Network of Academies of Sciences|access-date=29 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024165119/http://www.ianas.org/women.html|archive-date=24 October 2015|url-status=dead}}.
Education and career
Levelt Sengers was born on 4 March 1929{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPGZJ_YuMwgC&q=Johanna+Levelt+Sengers+birth+date&pg=PA614|title=American Women of Science Since 1900: Essays A-H|volume=1|pages=614|author=Tiffany K. Wayne|publisher=Greenwood publishing group|year=2011|isbn=978-1-59884-158-9}} in Amsterdam,{{Cite web |url=https://www.stamboomplus.com/index.php?option=com_sengers&task=spo&ww=sp/416053A.PDF |title=The Sengers Family Tree, Stamboom.Johanna Maria Henrica Levelt |website=www.stamboomplus.com |access-date=10 March 2024 |publisher=Chris Sengers |first=Chris |last=Sengers}} Netherlands.{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipst.umd.edu/flyers/pai2014brochure.pdf |title=20th Annual Shih-I Pai Lecture, Johanna M. H. (Anneke) Levelt Sengers, Scientist Emeritus National Institute of Standards and Technology, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2014, "Pride and Prejudice in Science and Engineering" |archive-date=21 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121215158/http://www.ipst.umd.edu/flyers/pai2014brochure.pdf |access-date=10 March 2024}} Her father was a chemist and her mother had studied physics. She was the eldest child and had nine siblings. During World War II her father spent time in Buchenwald concentration camp.{{cite news |last1=van der Heijden |first1=Margriet |url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2024/03/05/anneke-levelt-sengers-1929-2024-a4192117 |url-access=subscription |title=Anneke Levelt Sengers (1929–2024) |newspaper=NRC |language=nl |publisher=NRC Handelsblad |date=5 March 2024 |access-date=9 March 2024}}
Levelt Sengers started studying physics at the University of Amsterdam in 1947. She earned her candidaats (Bachelor of Science)[https://archive.today/20161119193330/http://www.nist.gov/mml/csd/levelt-sengers.cfm Johanna M. Levelt-Sengers] The National Institute of Standards and Technology in physics and chemistry from the University of Amsterdam in 1950, a Master of Science there in 1954 and completed her Ph.D. from the same university in 1958. Her dissertation, Measurements of the Compressibility of Argon in the Gaseous and Liquid Phase, was jointly promoted by {{ill|Antonius M. J. F. Michels|nl|Antonius Mathias Johannes Friedrich Michels}} and {{ill|Jan de Boer (1911–2010)|lt=Jan de Boer|nl|Jan de Boer (1911-2010)}}.{{mathgenealogy|id=115358}}
She emigrated to the United States in 1963 and joined the National Bureau of Standards (later renamed to NIST).
Awards and honors
In 1990, Levelt Sengers became a corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.{{cite web|author= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130210434/https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/correspondents/4465?set_language=en |archive-date=2016-01-30 |url=https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/correspondents/4465?set_language=en |title=Johanna Levelt Sengers |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |date= |access-date=10 March 2024}} In 1992, Delft University of Technology gave her an honorary doctorate.{{cite web|url=https://www.tudelft.nl/over-tu-delft/organisatie/hoogleraren/eredoctoraten |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305175329/https://www.tudelft.nl/over-tu-delft/organisatie/hoogleraren/eredoctoraten |title=Eredoctoraten |language=nl |publisher=Delft University of Technology |date= |archive-date=5 March 2024}} She was a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Physical Society, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a member of the National Academy of Engineering and National Academy of Sciences.
She was the L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science 2003 Laureate for North America,{{citation|url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/awards/8113/8113awards2.html|title=Levelt Sengers Garners L'Oréal UNESCO Award|magazine=Chemical & Engineering News|date=31 March 2003|volume=81|issue=13|page=47|publisher=American Chemical Society}}. and the 2006 winner of the ASME Yeram S. Touloukian Award.{{citation|url=https://www.asme.org/about-asme/participate/honors-awards/achievement-awards/yeram-s-touloukian-award|title=Yeram S. Touloukian Award|journal=International Journal of Thermophysics|volume=9|issue=5|pages=631–633|access-date=29 October 2015|bibcode= 1988IJT.....9..631.|year=1988|doi=10.1007/BF00503231|s2cid=189901752}}. In 2015, the IANAS Women for Science Program announced an award for young women scientists would be named the Anneke Levelt-Senger Prize (sic) in her honor.{{cite web | url=https://u.tt/index.php?articles=1&article_key=4525&wk=11 | title=The University of Trinidad and Tobago - School of Postgraduate Studies, Research and Development | publisher=The University of Trinidad and Tobago | date=19 October 2015 | access-date=30 October 2015}}
Personal life and death
Anneke Levelt Sengers married physicist Jan V. Sengers in 1962; their four children include computer scientist and ethnographer Phoebe Sengers.{{cite web|url=https://eng.umd.edu/html/media/e-at-m/03_e@m_fall.pdf|publisher=University of Maryland|title=Forward thinking|work=Engineering @ Maryland|date=Fall 2003|page=31}} In 1975 she and her husband became naturalized US citizens.
Levelt Sengers died on 28 February 2024, a week shy of her 95th birthday.{{Cite web |title=Obituary information for J.M.H. "Anneke" Levelt Sengers |url=https://www.devolfuneralhome.com/obituaries/JMH-Anneke-Levelt-Sengers?obId=30921314 |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=www.devolfuneralhome.com}}
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Category:20th-century Dutch physicists
Category:Dutch women physicists
Category:20th-century Dutch women scientists
Category:Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society
Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Category:L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science laureates
Category:Scientists from Amsterdam
Category:University of Amsterdam alumni
Category:20th-century American physicists