Annette Markham
{{Short description|American academic}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Annette Markham
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Annette Markham.JPG
| caption = Markham at Microsoft Research Cambridge in 2015
| image_size =
| nationality = American
| other_names =
| known_for = Social impact of human-machine interactions and Ethics of artificial intelligence, Qualitative research methods, Internet research ethics, Digital and Online Ethnography
| fields = Science and Technology Studies, symbolic interactionism, Science and technology studies, Internet studies, Information Studies,
| work_institution = Utrecht University, RMIT,
Aarhus University,
Umea University,
Loyola University Chicago,
University of the Virgin Islands,
University of Illinois Chicago,
Virginia Tech
| alma_mater = Purdue University,
Washington State University,
Idaho State University
| thesis_title = Going online: An ethnographic narrative
| thesis_year = 1997
| thesis_url = http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI9818998/
| website = {{URL|https://www.annettemarkham.com}}
}}
Annette Markham is an American academic, Chair Professor of Media Literacy and Public Engagement at Utrecht University, and honorary adjunct professor at RMIT University in Melbourne,{{Cite web |title=Annette Markham |url=https://www.rmit.edu.au/about/schools-colleges/media-and-communication/people/adjunct-professors/annette-markham |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=www.rmit.edu.au |language=en}}. Current Director of Utrecht University's Futures+ Literacies Lab. Former Director of RMIT's Digital Ethnography Research Centre. She served on the executive committee{{Cite web|url=http://aoir.org/executive-committee/|title=Executive Committee – AoIR|website=aoir.org|access-date=2016-10-20}} of the Association of Internet Researchers from 2013-2018. She publishes research in the area of Internet studies, critical data studies and digital literacies, social interaction, innovative qualitative methods for social research, and Internet research ethics.{{GoogleScholar|yJVjdVUAAAAJ}}
Publications
Markham has authored more than 50 articles since 1995. Her first book, Life Online: Researching real experience in virtual space, was published in 1998, which reviewers called "a definitive sociological study of what it's like to be on the net"{{Cite book|url=https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780761990307/Life-Online-Researching-Real-Experience-in-Virtual-Space|title=Life-Online-Researching-Real-Experience-in-Virtual-Space|access-date=2016-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125045716/https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780761990307/Life-Online-Researching-Real-Experience-in-Virtual-Space|archive-date=2016-11-25|url-status=dead}} and "a bold move in the exponentially increasingly field of internet studies....that allows the reader to appreciate the challenges of applying contemporary ethnographic methods to online populations."{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=Matthew|date=2001-12-01|title=Book Review: Life Online: Researching Real Experience in Virtual Space|journal=Qualitative Research|language=en|volume=1|issue=3|pages=426–427|doi=10.1177/146879410100100313|s2cid=144593681 |issn=1468-7941}} In 2009, Markham edited an internet research methods volume titled Internet Inquiry: Conversations about method{{cite book|title=Internet inquiry: Conversations about method|last2=Nancy|first2=Baym|date=July 2008|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1412910019|location=Los Angeles|last1=Markham|first1=Annette}} with Nancy Baym. In 2020, Markham and coauthor Katrin Tiidenberg published a followup to Life Online in the form of a curated collection involving 30 contributors, titled Metaphors of Internet: Ways of being in the age of Ubiquity.{{Cite book |last=Markham |first=Annette N. |url=https://www.peterlang.com/document/1058664 |title=Metaphors of Internet |last2=Tiidenberg |first2=Katrin |date=2020-09-17 |isbn=978-1-4331-7451-3 |language=en}}
Markham has published multiple pieces on Internet research ethics. She is the primary author of the Association of Internet Researchers' official 2012 ethical guidelines for internet research. The framework of this document uses Markham's earlier published works linking ethics to methods, first in a Norwegian edited volume in 2003 and later in the Journal of Information Ethics.{{cite journal |last=Markham |first=Annette |date=November 2006 |title=Ethic as method, method as ethic |journal=Journal of Information Ethics |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=37–54|doi=10.3172/JIE.15.2.37 |doi-access=free }} In reviewing ethical frameworks, the Handbook of Internet Studies cites Markham's convincing arguments that "methodological choices inform and are informed by ethical choices."{{Cite book|title=The Handbook of Internet Studies|date=2012-12-17|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=9781118400074|editor-last=Consalvo|editor-first=Mia|edition=1|language=English|editor-last2=Ess|editor-first2=Charles}} Markham's concepts of 'ethics as method' and 'ethics as impact' are highlighted in encyclopedic discussions of research ethics and scientific integrity.{{Citation|last=Ess|first=Charles Melvin|title=Internet Research Ethics and Social Media|date=2019|work=Handbook of Research Ethics and Scientific Integrity|pages=1–21|editor-last=Iphofen|editor-first=Ron|place=Cham|publisher=Springer International Publishing|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-76040-7_12-1|isbn=978-3-319-76040-7|s2cid=210534738 |doi-access=free}}{{Cite web |date=2025-03-19 |title=Ethics in Qualitative Research |url=https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/ethics-in-qualitative-research/book235176 |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=SAGE Publications Ltd |language=en}}
Markham's arguments around qualitative methods focus on the importance of context sensitivity, flexible adaptation, and reflexivity. These concepts have been foundational for developing conceptual frameworks for innovative approaches to fieldwork,{{Cite journal |last=Markham |first=Annette N. |date=2013-12-01 |title=Fieldwork in Social MediaWhat Would Malinowski Do? |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/dcqr/article/2/4/434/81317/Fieldwork-in-Social-MediaWhat-Would-Malinowski-Do |journal=Qualitative Communication Research |language=en |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=434–446 |doi=10.1525/qcr.2013.2.4.434 |issn=2161-9107|url-access=subscription }} methods for online interviewing,{{Cite book|last1=James|first1=Nalita|last2=Busher|first2=Hugh|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/698104069|title=Online interviewing|date=2009|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-1-4462-0235-7|location=Los Angeles|oclc=698104069}} or reflexivity in data science{{Cite journal |date=2021-07-30 |title=Why the Data Revolution Needs Qualitative Thinking |journal=Harvard Data Science Review |url=https://hdsr.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/u9s6f22y/release/4 |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |doi=10.1162/99608f92.eee0b0da|s2cid=237705290 |doi-access=free |last1=Tanweer |first1=Anissa |last2=Gade |first2=Emily Kalah |last3=Krafft |first3=P. M. |last4=Dreier |first4=Sarah }} Markham is cited as a key figure and 'recommended reading' for researching digital contexts in textbooks and handbooks on qualitative research practice.{{Cite book|title=Interpreting Qualitative Data|last=Silverman|first=David|date=2015-01-22|publisher=SAGE Publications Ltd|isbn=9781446295434|edition=5th Revised|language=English}}{{Cite book|title=Digital Tools for Qualitative Research|last1=Paulus|first1=Trena|last2=Lester|first2=Jessica N.|last3=Dempster|first3=Paul|date=2013-12-27|publisher=SAGE Publications Ltd|isbn=9781446256077|edition=1|language=English}}{{Cite book|title=Qualitative Research in Education: A User's Guide|last=Lichtman|first=Marilyn V.|date=2012-01-20|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc|isbn=9781412995320|edition=3|location=Thousand Oaks|language=English}}{{Cite book|title=Designing Qualitative Research|last1=Marshall|first1=Catherine|last2=Rossman|first2=Gretchen B.|date=2015-01-07|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc|isbn=9781452271002|edition=6th|language=English}}
Markham maintains a blog about a range of conceptual and pragmatic issues related to lived experience in 21st Century contexts of complexity at https://annettemarkham.com.
Education
- Ph.D. Purdue University, August 1997, Organizational Communication
- M. S. Washington State University, Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, May 1993, Speech Communication
- B. S. Idaho State University, May 1988, Communication, cum laude
Books
- Harris, D., Luka, M.E., &Markham, A. (2022). Massive/Micro Autoethnography: Creative Learning in COVID Times: Singapore: Springer. {{ISBN|978-981-16-8305-3}}
- Markham, A. & Tiidenberg, K. (2020). Metaphors of Internet: Ways of being in the age of Ubiquity: London, UK: Peter Lang. {{Isbn|978-1-4331-7450-6|}}
- Markham, A. & Baym, N. (2009). Internet Inquiry: Conversations about method. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. {{ISBN|1452278768}}
- Markham, A. (1998). Life Online: Researching real experiences in virtual space. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. {{ISBN|0761990313}}
References
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Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Purdue University alumni
Category:Washington State University alumni
Category:Idaho State University alumni
Category:Virginia Tech faculty
Category:University of Illinois Chicago faculty
Category:University of the Virgin Islands faculty
Category:Academic staff of Aarhus University