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Annulohypoxylon

{{Short description|Genus of fungi}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum 59204.jpg

| image_caption = Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum

| taxon = Annulohypoxylon

| authority = Y.-M.Ju, J.D.Rogers & H.-M.Hsieh (2005)

| type_species = Annulohypoxylon truncatum

| type_species_authority = (Schwein.) Y.M.Ju (2005)

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision =

}}

Annulohypoxylon, sometimes called cramp balls, is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. The 27 species in the genus have a collectively widespread distribution.

The genus Annulohypoxylon was created in 2005 and contains species formerly placed in the closely related genus Hypoxylon (it is equivalent to Hypoxylon section Annulata sensu). Fossils of Annulohypoxylon have been found in 12 million year old rocks from central England.{{cite journal |last1=Pound |first1=Matthew J. |last2=Nuñez Otaño |first2=Noelia B. |last3=Romero |first3=Ingrid C. |last4=Lim |first4=Michael |last5=Riding |first5=James B. |last6=O’Keefe |first6=Jennifer M. K. |title=The fungal ecology of the Brassington Formation (Middle Miocene) of Derbyshire, United Kingdom, and a new method for palaeoclimate reconstruction |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |date=2022 |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2022.947623 |issn=2296-701X|doi-access=free }}

Use in the cultivation of ''Tremella fuciformis''

Species in the genus Annulohypoxylon, especially Annulohypoxylon archeri, are commonly used in the cultivation of Tremella fuciformis, one of the foremost medicinal and culinary fungi of China and Taiwan.

Tremella fuciformis is a parasitic yeast that does not form an edible fruit body without parasitizing another fungus. The species Annulohypoxylon archeri is its preferred host, so cultivators usually pair cultures of Tremella fuciformis with this species, or others in the former genus Hypoxylon (now split into two genera – Hypoxylon and Annulohypoxylon).

Species

{{Asof|2024|October}}, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accept 70 species of Annulohypoxylon:

Gallery

File:Carbon_Ball_Fungus.jpg|Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum

File:Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum 34469.jpg|Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum

File:Annulohypoxylon.cohaerens.-.lindsey.jpg|Annulohypoxylon cohaerens

File:Annulohypoxylon.cohaerens2.-.lindsey.jpg|Annulohypoxylon cohaerens

File:Annulohypoxylon.cohaerens3.-.lindsey.jpg|Annulohypoxylon cohaerens

File:Annulohypoxylon.multiforme.-.lindsey.jpg|Annulohypoxylon multiforme

File:Annulohypoxylon.multiforme2.-.lindsey.jpg|Annulohypoxylon multiforme

File:Hypoxylon-multiforme.jpg|Annulohypoxylon multiforme

File:Coloured Figures of English Fungi or Mushrooms - t. 355.png|Annulohypoxylon multiforme by James Sowerby (1803)

References

{{Commons category|Annulohypoxylon}}

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Catalogue of Life |id=62BHR |title=Annulohypoxylon |access-date=20 October 2024}}

{{cite journal |vauthors=Hsieh HM, Ju YM, Rogers JD |year=2005 |title=Molecular phylogeny of Hypoxylon and closely related genera |journal=Mycologia |volume=97 |issue=4 |pages=844–865 |pmid=16457354 |doi=10.3852/mycologia.97.4.844}}

{{cite book |vauthors=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford,UK |year=2008 |page=38 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}

{{cite journal|vauthors=Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM |date=December 2007 |title=Outline of Ascomycota – 2007 |journal=Myconet |volume=13 |pages=1–58 |url=http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp |publisher=The Field Museum, Department of Botany |location=Chicago, USA |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318003134/http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp |archivedate=2009-03-18 }}

{{cite book |author=Stamets P. |title=Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms = [Shokuyo oyobi yakuyo kinoko no sabai] |edition=3rd |year=2000 |publisher=Ten Speed Press |location=Berkeley, California, USA |isbn=978-1-58008-175-7 |pages=402–405 |chapter=Chapter 21: Growth Parameters for Gourmet and Medicinal Mushroom Species}}

{{cite web |title=Cramp Balls (Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum) |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/55516-Annulohypoxylon-thouarsianum |website=iNaturalist |accessdate=2020-11-13}}

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q4769751}}

Category:Ascomycota genera

Category:Xylariales

Category:Taxa described in 2005