Anou Ifflis
{{Short description|Cave in Algeria}}
{{Infobox cave
|name=Anou Ifflis
|other_name=Leopard Chasm
|photo=1983 paques LHFage Anou Ifflis, Charly galerie du Léopard.jpg
|photo_caption =
|location={{ALG}}
|depth={{convert|1170|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|length={{convert|1800|km|mi}}
|survey=
|survey_format=
|discovery=1980s
|geology=
|entrance_count=1
|entrance_list=
|difficulty=
|hazards=
|access=
}}
The Anou Ifflis cave ({{langx|fr|Anou Ifflis, Anu Ifflis}}) is a cave located in Tizi Ouzou in the mountains of the Kabylie. It is the deepest cave in Africa at {{Convert|1170|m}}.{{in lang|en}} {{Cite web|title=Deepest caves in the world|editor=National Park Service, U.S. Interior Departement|url=http://www.nps.gov/wica/forteachers/upload/Hydrology-Limestone_in_the_World.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210214510/http://www.nps.gov/wica/forteachers/upload/Hydrology-Limestone_in_the_World.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 10, 2008|accessdate =27 August 2009}}
Location
The entrance to the Anou Ifflis (aka D3), is located on the edge of the great depression of Ras Timédouine, oriented east–west, under the ridges of the Akouker.
Exploration
The Speleological Association of Montreuil reached {{convert|-87|m|ft|abbr=on}} in 1980 and {{convert|-300|m|ft|abbr=on}} in 1981. The cave was explored by a French interclub expedition from Vaucluse in April 1983 to a depth of {{convert|-725|m|ft|abbr=on}} then during the summer 1983 by both Parisians and Vauclusians to a depth of {{convert|-975|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The Espeleo Club Gràcia (Barcelona), in 1985, continued the exploration and stopped at {{convert|-1007|m|ft|abbr=on}}. In 1986, cavers from Liège increased the depth to {{convert|-1159|m|ft|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|language=fr|author=CESAME & Clan des Tritons|title=Expédition spéléologique Djurdjura 2005 du 3 au 20 août 2005 –Algérie|date=1985|url=http://clan.des.tritons.free.fr/publications/explo_tritons/CR.Djurdjura.2005.pdf}}{{Cite magazine|language=fr|author=Alain Gallant and Joseph Godissard|title=Anou Ifflis, premier -1000 africain|magazine=Regards|date=1987|number=2|pages=30–33|url=https://speleoubs.be/images/regards/regards-02/Regards_02.pdf}}
Description
File:1983 paques LHFage Anou Ifflis, Charly galerie du Léopard.jpg
The entrance opens at the {{convert|2150|m|ft|abbr=on}} elevation by a narrow, vertical passage between the boulders. After a few metres of de-climbing, you reach the top of a first narrow passage with a steep slope ("Le Toboggan").
The first few meters of the cavity are difficult and even encourage you to do so... about-face. At the bottom of a 90-metre-deep shaft (P90), the atmosphere becomes different, a large collapse chamber offers several possibilities for progression.
This pothole is composite in nature, it combines different forms of digging depending on the depth. From 0 to -210 m, the cave resembles an inactive tectonic chasm (without perennial flow) slightly touched by flows, presenting narrows, shafts and faults.
From -210 m to -975 m, the following are successively encountered:
- A meander gallery 300 m long (from -210 m to -300 m), generally well calibrated and embellished with a few vertical notches. A stream from the rivers of the Akouker ridge joins the path.
- A succession of large fault pitchs from -300 m to -800 m, in which the stream cascades. The morphology of the shafts is closely linked to the strong relaxation of the massif.
- A streamway appears at about -920 m. The -210 m stream here encounters a significant flow of about 10 litres per second at low water which circulates in a cascading conduit.
- A meander section alternates deep pools, potholes and ledges.
Finally, after a P134 and a P32, the path ends on a sump at {{convert|-1159|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
Notes and references
{{coord|36|28|07.7|N|4|09|10.1|E|source:kolossus-ltwiki|display=title}}
Category:Geography of Tizi Ouzou Province
{{TiziOuzou-geo-stub}}