Anterior spinal artery

The anterior spinal artery arises bilaterally as two small branches near the termination of the vertebral arteries. One of these vessels is usually larger than the other, but occasionally they are about equal in size.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}

Descending in front of the medulla oblongata, they unite at the level of the foramen magnum. The single trunk descends in the front of the medulla spinalis, extending to the lowest part of the medulla spinalis. It is continued as a slender twig on the filum terminale. The vessel passes in the pia mater along the anterior median fissure.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}

On its course the artery takes several small branches (i.e. anterior segmental medullary arteries), which enter the vertebral canal through the intervertebral foramina. These branches are derived from the vertebral artery, the ascending cervical artery, a branch of the inferior thyroid artery in the neck, the intercostal arteries in the thorax, and from the lumbar artery, iliolumbar artery and lateral sacral arteries in the abdomen and pelvis.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}

It supplies the pia mater, and the substance of the medulla spinalis, also sending off branches at its lower part to be distributed to the cauda equina.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}

Disruption of the anterior spinal artery leads to bilateral disruption of the corticospinal tract, causing motor deficits, and bilateral disruption of the spinothalamic tract, causing sensory deficits in the form of pain/temperature sense loss. It is called anterior spinal artery syndrome. This occurs when the disruption of the anterior spinal artery is at the level of the spinal cord. Contrast this with medial medullary syndrome, when the anterior spinal artery is occluded at the level of the medulla oblongata.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023}}

Disruption of its perforating branches (sulcal artery) can result in a hemicord syndrome. In fact, acute sulcal artery syndrome should be suspected in patients with acute hemicord syndrome, and vertebral artery dissection should be suspected in cases of high cervical cord involvement. In a recent review by Tan YJ, et al. in 2021, good functional recovery was seen in most, and vertebral artery dissection was the leading cause of sulcal artery syndrome.{{cite journal |vauthors=Tan YJ, Ng GJ, Lai J|title=Sulcal artery syndrome: A Three-patient series and review of literature.|journal=J Clin Neurosci |volume=88 |pages=47–51|date=June 2021|pmid=33992202|doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2021.03.013|s2cid=232422711 }}

Image:Arteries_beneath_brain.png|The arteries of the base of the brain.

Image:Circle of Willis en.svg |Arteries of the brain, brain stem and upper spinal cord (inferior view).

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• [http://neuroangio.org/spinal-vascular-anatomy/spinal-arterial-anatomy/ Spinal Arterial Anatomy at Neuroangio.org]
• Yoshioka K, Niinuma H, Ohira A, Nasu K, Kawakami T, Sasaki M, Kawazoe K. MR angiography and CT angiography of the artery of Adamkiewicz: noninvasive preoperative assessment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. Radiographics. 2003 Sep-Oct;23(5):1215-25. {{PMID|12975511}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20030920101128/http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/figsonly/23/5/1215 Full Text]
• Tan YJ, Ng GJ, Lai J. Sulcal artery syndrome: A Three-patient series and review of literature. J Clin Neurosci. 2021 Jun;88:45-51. {{PMID|33992202}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312072005/http://radiographics.rsnajnls.org/content/vol23/issue5/images/large/g03se12c1a.jpeg Drawing of the anterior spinal artery]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928160026/http://www.frca.co.uk/images/spinal-cord4.jpg Horizontal view of blood supply to the spinal cord]

{{Arteries of head and neck}}

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Category:Arteries of the head and neck