Anti-impunity
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
Anti-impunity is efforts to use criminal law to punish serious abusers of human rights. Although an anti-impunity norm exists internationally, it is not uncontested.{{cite journal |last1=Haldemann |first1=Frank |last2=Unger |first2=Thomas |title=The Anti-Impunity Framework: A Critical Appraisal |journal=Zeitschrift für menschenrechte |year=2020 |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=223–232 |doi=10.46499/1584.1885|s2cid=244031148 }}{{cite book |last1=Engle |first1=Karen |last2=Miller |first2=Zinaida |last3=Davis |first3=D. M. |title=Anti-Impunity and the Human Rights Agenda |date=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-07987-8 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Engle |first1=Karen |title=Anti-Impunity and the Turn to Criminal Law in Human Rights |journal=Cornell Law Review |date=2014–2015 |volume=100 |pages=1069 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/clqv100&div=35&id=&page=}}{{cite journal |last1=Vazquez Valencia |first1=Luis Daniel |title=Listing the Causes of Impunity. Reflections to Start an Anti-Impunity Strategy |journal=Estudios Socio-Juridicos |year=2021 |volume=23 |pages=431 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/estscj23&div=21&id=&page=}}{{cite journal |last1=Mills |first1=Kurt |last2=Bloomfield |first2=Alan |title=African resistance to the International Criminal Court: Halting the advance of the anti-impunity norm |journal=Review of International Studies |year=2018 |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=101–127 |doi=10.1017/S0260210517000407|s2cid=148899825 |url=https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/b82a117e-1708-4eb0-ac90-4c0f12fedd0a }}{{cite journal |last1=Reinold |first1=Theresa |title=A new type of hybrid actor in global governance: anti-impunity commissions, shared sovereignty, and the rule of law |journal=Verfassung in Recht und Übersee |year=2020 |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=245–266 |doi=10.5771/0506-7286-2020-3-245|s2cid=235005483 }}{{cite journal |last1=Mann |first1=Itamar |title=Border Violence as Crime |journal=University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law |date=2020–2021 |volume=42 |pages=675 |url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/upjiel42&div=19&id=&page=}}