Antimonumenta (Guadalajara)

{{Infobox monument

| name = Antimonumenta

| native_name =

| image = File:Antimonumenta contra el feminicidio en Jalisco 05.jpg

| image_size =

| alt =

| caption = The anti-monument two days after it was installed

| location = Guadalajara, Mexico

| designer = Feminists

| type = Antimonumenta

| material = Metal

| length =

| width =

| height = {{cvt|3.8|m}}

| weight = {{cvt|300|kg}}

| visitors_num =

| visitors_year =

| begin =

| complete =

| dedicated =

| open = {{start date|2020|11|25|df=yes}}

| restore =

| dismantled =

| dedicated_to = Victims of violence against women in Mexico

| map_name =

| map_text =

| mapframe = yes

| mapframe-zoom = 14

| mapframe-caption = Location

| map_width =

| map_relief =

| coordinates = {{Coord|20|40|34|N|103|20|50|W|type:landmark|display=inline}}

}}

An antimonumenta was installed in the Plaza de Armas, in Guadalajara, Jalisco, on 25 November 2020, the date commemorating the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, during the annual march of women protesting against gender violence. The sculpture is symbolically named Antimonumenta and it was inspired by the anti-monument of the same name placed in Mexico City a year prior.

During the same march, feminists also installed a red bench, which was placed in front of the Rotonda de los Jaliscienses Ilustres, and symbolically renamed Plaza de Armas to Plaza Imelda Virgen, a murdered woman. The erection of an antimonumenta symbolizes the demand for justice for women who suffer from violence in the country.{{cite web |url=https://www.revistadelauniversidad.mx/articles/8fd237c9-66e0-467c-9d72-f9028779935a/arrebatar-las-narrativas |title=Arrebatar las narrativas |first=Irene |last=Tello Arista |date=May 2021 |language=es |trans-title=To snatch the narratives |work=Revista de la Universidad de México |access-date=3 January 2021 |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511215414/https://www.revistadelauniversidad.mx/articles/8fd237c9-66e0-467c-9d72-f9028779935a/arrebatar-las-narrativas |url-status=live }}

History and installation

File:Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (2021) - 023.jpg in 2021. The Antimonumenta (below) is opposite to the State Government Palace of Jalisco]]

The Antimonumenta was installed on 25 November 2020 in the Plaza de Armas, in the historic center of Guadalajara, Jalisco. It was placed during the annual march of women protesting against gender violence on International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. It occurred amid the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico in which 230 women were killed between January and September of that year and 39 of them were investigated as femicides.{{cite web |url=https://www.notisistema.com/noticias/instalan-la-antimonumenta-parte-de-la-lucha-feminista-en-plaza-de-armas/ |title=Instalan la Antimonumenta, parte de la lucha feminista, en Plaza de Armas |language=es |trans-title=Antimonumenta, part of the feminist struggle, installed at Plaza de Armas |date=25 November 2020 |work=Notisistema |access-date=26 December 2021 |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227012258/https://www.notisistema.com/noticias/instalan-la-antimonumenta-parte-de-la-lucha-feminista-en-plaza-de-armas/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://jalisco.quadratin.com.mx/principal/colocan-antimonumento-en-memoria-de-mujeres-asesinadas-en-jalisco/ |title=Colocan antimonumento en memoria de mujeres asesinadas en Jalisco |date=25 November 2021 |first=Monse |last=Cuevas |work=Quadrantín Jalisco |access-date=16 December 2021 |trans-title=Anti-monument placed in memory of murdered women in Jalisco |archive-date=20 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120201248/https://jalisco.quadratin.com.mx/principal/colocan-antimonumento-en-memoria-de-mujeres-asesinadas-en-jalisco/ |url-status=live }} During the installation, Enrique Ibarra Pedroza, Secretary General of the State Government, tried to negotiate the site where the Antimonumenta would be placed but only received complaints that he should have attended to them when they requested meetings to talk to him.

Although similar in shape, the antimonumentas installed across the country have different inscriptions.{{cite web |url=https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Instalan-antimonumenta-en-Guadalajara-exigen-justicia-para-victimas-de-feminicidio-20201125-0094.html |title=Instalan antimonumenta en Guadalajara; exigen justicia para víctimas de feminicidio |first=Siboney |last=Flores |date=25 November 2020 |work=Informador.mx |access-date=26 December 2021 |language=es |trans-title=Antimonumenta installed in Guadalajara; justice for femicide victims demanded |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227012258/https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Instalan-antimonumenta-en-Guadalajara-exigen-justicia-para-victimas-de-feminicidio-20201125-0094.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://www.notisistema.com/noticias/colectivos-no-aceptaran-que-la-antimonumenta-sea-reubicada-lejos-de-plaza-de-armas/ |title=Colectivos no aceptarán que la Antimonumenta sea reubicada lejos de Plaza de Armas |trans-title=Collectives will not accept that the Antimonumenta be relocated away from Plaza de Armas |language=es |date=25 November 2020 |work=Notisistema |access-date=26 December 2021 |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227201934/https://www.notisistema.com/noticias/colectivos-no-aceptaran-que-la-antimonumenta-sea-reubicada-lejos-de-plaza-de-armas/ |url-status=live }} The installers also symbolically renamed Plaza de Armas to "Plaza Imelda Virgen".{{cite web |url=https://www.debate.com.mx/guadalajara/Instalan-Antimonumenta-y-renombran-Plaza-de-Armas-como-Plaza-Imelda-Virgen-durante-el-25N-en-Guadalajara-20201125-0259.html |title=Instalan Antimonumenta y renombran Plaza de Armas como 'Plaza Imelda Virgen' durante el 25N en Guadalajara |date=25 November 2020 |work=Debate |access-date=26 December 2021 |language=es |trans-title=Antimonumenta installed and Plaza de Armas renamed 'Plaza Imelda Virgen' during 25N in Guadalajara |first=Mariana |last=Orozco |location=Jalisco |archive-date=25 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125223101/http://www.debate.com.mx/guadalajara/Instalan-Antimonumenta-y-renombran-Plaza-de-Armas-como-Plaza-Imelda-Virgen-durante-el-25N-en-Guadalajara-20201125-0259.html |url-status=live }} Imelda Josefina Virgen Rodríguez was an academic and the first woman to be killed after the approval of femicide as a crime in Jalisco. According to the prosecutors, in September 2012 her husband hired two others to rape and kill her. Her husband was charged with parricide and the others with first-degree murder; none were charged with femicide. In 2017 her husband received a sentence that was appealed and the trial had to be re-tried. By November 2020, the second trial was appealed and was awaiting a new trial.{{cite web |url=https://www.semmexico.mx/las-tres-muertes-de-imelda-virgen/ |title=Las tres muertes de Imelda Virgen |date=13 November 2020 |first=Guadalupe |last=Ramos Ponce |work=SEM México |trans-title=The three deaths of Imelda Virgen |language=es |access-date=26 December 2021 |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227012257/https://www.semmexico.mx/las-tres-muertes-de-imelda-virgen/ |url-status=live }}

On 8 March 2021, the date commemorating International Women's Day and during the annual march, multiple women performed a song titled "Canción sin miedo" next to the Antimonumenta.{{cite web |url=https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Anuncian-protestas-y-foros-por-el-Dia-de-la-Mujer-en-Guadalajara-20210308-0012.html |title=Anuncian protestas y foros por el Día de la Mujer en Guadalajara |language=es |trans-title=Protests and forums for Women's Day announced in Guadalajara |work=Informador.mx |date=8 March 2021 |access-date=27 December 2021 |archive-date=24 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224163235/https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Anuncian-protestas-y-foros-por-el-Dia-de-la-Mujer-en-Guadalajara-20210308-0012.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Dia-de-la-Mujer-Montan-performance-frente-a-la-Antimonumenta-de-Plaza-de-Armas-a-manera-de-protesta-20210308-0089.html |title=Mujeres montan performance frente a la 'Antimonumenta' de Plaza de Armas a manera de protesta |language=es |work=Informador.mx |trans-title=Women stage performance in front of the 'Antimonumenta' in Plaza de Armas as a protest |first=Rubí |last=Bobadilla |date=8 March 2021 |access-date=27 December 2021 |archive-date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119235235/https://www.informador.mx/jalisco/Dia-de-la-Mujer-Montan-performance-frente-a-la-Antimonumenta-de-Plaza-de-Armas-a-manera-de-protesta-20210308-0089.html |url-status=live }}

Description and meaning

The Antimonumenta is painted in purple and pink and it is represented with the symbol of the feminist struggle, which is based on the symbol of Venus with a raised fist in the center. In feminism, the color purple represents "loyalty, constancy towards a purpose [and] unwavering firmness towards a cause".{{Cite web |last=García |first=Paula |date=6 March 2019 |title=Este es el origen de los símbolos feministas |language=es |access-date=13 December 2021 |trans-title=This is the origin of the feminist symbols |url=https://hipertextual.com/2019/03/es-origen-simbolos-feministas |url-status=live |website=Hipertextual |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306181647/https://hipertextual.com/2019/03/es-origen-simbolos-feministas |archive-date=6 March 2019}} According to the installers, it represents the victims of femicide in the state of Jalisco and it is a method to demand that the authorities and society stop femicides.{{cite web |url=https://ciudadolinka.com/2020/11/26/la-antimonumenta-que-recuerda-los-feminicidios-en-jalisco/ |title=La Antimonumenta que recuerda los feminicidios en Jalisco |trans-title=The Antimonumenta that remembers the femicides in Jalisco |date=26 November 2020 |work=Ciudad Olinka |language=es |access-date=23 February 2022 |archive-date=23 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223191223/https://ciudadolinka.com/2020/11/26/la-antimonumenta-que-recuerda-los-feminicidios-en-jalisco/ |url-status=live }}

It is a metal sculpture whose upper part has written in Spanish, in pink capital letters: "Neither forgive nor forget", while on the arm of the cross it is written "No + femicides". On the opposite side, the Antimonumenta reads "Memory, truth and justice", and in the central part "Not one more". It is {{cvt|3.8|m|sp=us}} high and weighs {{cvt|300|kg|sp=us}}.{{cite web |url=https://vocesfeministas.mx/cinco-estados-mexico-antimonumenta-feminicidios/ |title=Cinco Estados de México colocan antimonumenta por los feminicidios |trans-title=Five states of Mexico place the Animonumenta due to femicies |language=es |work=Voces Feministas |date=2 December 2020 |location=Tuxtla Gutiérrez |access-date=13 December 2021 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213213237/https://vocesfeministas.mx/cinco-estados-mexico-antimonumenta-feminicidios/ |url-status=live }}

Red bench

{{Infobox monument

| name = Antimonumenta (Banca Roja)

| native_name =

| image = File:Banca-roja.jpg

| image_size =

| alt =

| caption = The anti-monument in 2020

| location = Guadalajara, Mexico

| designer = Feminists

| type = Antimonumenta

| material = Metal

| length =

| width =

| height =

| weight =

| visitors_num =

| visitors_year =

| begin =

| complete =

| dedicated =

| open = {{start date|2020|11|25|df=yes}}

| restore =

| dismantled =

| dedicated_to = Victims of violence against women in Mexico

| map_name =

| map_text =

| mapframe = yes

| mapframe-zoom = 14

| mapframe-caption = Location

| map_width =

| map_relief =

| coordinates = {{Coord|20|40|38|N|103|20|48|W|type:landmark|display=inline}}

}}

On the same date, but in front of the Rotonda de los Jaliscienses Ilustres, located a few blocks away from Plaza de Armas, it was installed a red bench which was also symbolically named Antimonumenta, but referred to as "Banca Roja" to distinguish it from the other anti-monument.

As part of a global campaign, red benches are installed to denounce gender violence as they symbolize those who were and those who will come.{{cite web |url=https://www.milenio.com/opinion/editoriales/debate-generacional-jalisco/antimonumentos-segun-opinion-de-partidos-en-jalisco |title=Antimonumentos |date=1 December 2020 |trans-title=Anti-monuments |work=Milenio |access-date=13 December 2021 |language=es |archive-date=20 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120201228/https://www.milenio.com/opinion/editoriales/debate-generacional-jalisco/antimonumentos-segun-opinion-de-partidos-en-jalisco |url-status=live |url-access=registration}} In 2019, a bench was installed at the University of Guadalajara.{{cite web |url=https://tribunadelabahia.com.mx/instalan-banca-roja-en-paseo-del-lago-cucosta-29750 |title=Instalan 'Banca Roja' En Paseo del Lago CUCosta |date=26 November 2019 |work=Tribuna de la Bahía |language=es |trans-title='Red Bench' installed at Lake CUCosta's stroll |access-date=13 December 2021 |archive-date=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214052119/https://tribunadelabahia.com.mx/instalan-banca-roja-en-paseo-del-lago-cucosta-29750 |url-status=live }} The 25 November red bench was placed in front of the Rotonda de los Jaliscienses Ilustres.{{cite web |url=https://www.milenio.com/politica/comunidad/jalisco-crean-antimonumento-mujeres-asesinadas-rotonda |title=Colocan antimonumenta en memoria de mujeres asesinadas en la Rotonda |first=Josefina |last=Ruiz |date=25 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2021 |work=Milenio |archive-date=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214052119/https://www.milenio.com/politica/comunidad/jalisco-crean-antimonumento-mujeres-asesinadas-rotonda |url-status=live |url-access=registration}} In the middle of it there is a plaque with a message that reads "In memory of all the women murdered by those who claimed to love them or just because they were women."{{efn|Original text in Spanish: "En memoria de todas las mujeres asesinadas por quienes decian amarlas o por el simple hecho de ser mujeres".{{cite web |url=https://www.meganoticias.mx/guadalajara/noticia/ponen-antimonumento-para-recordar-feminicidios/199638 |title=Ponen antimonumento para recordar feminicidios |first=Daniela |last=Rodríguez |work=Meganoticias |language=es |access-date=13 December 2021 |trans-title=Anti-monument placed to recall femicides |date=25 November 2020 |archive-date=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214052118/https://www.meganoticias.mx/guadalajara/noticia/ponen-antimonumento-para-recordar-feminicidios/199638 |url-status=live }}}}

Reception

Writer Manuel Baeza said the Antimonumenta has two functions: to gratify women who were silenced by centuries and to incomodate the observants due to its colorful nature in a location surrounded by historical stone-colored buildings while remembering that violence against women, like the artwork, is out of place.{{cite web |url=https://www.milenio.com/opinion/manuel-baeza/la-silla/que-se-quede-la-antimonumenta |title=Que se quede la 'antimonumenta' |first=Manuel |last=Baeza |date=26 November 2020 |language=es |trans-title=That the 'Antimonumenta' remains |work=Milenio |access-date=23 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224022649/https://www.milenio.com/opinion/manuel-baeza/la-silla/que-se-quede-la-antimonumenta |url-status=live |url-access=registration}}

Ibarra Pedroza attempted to negotiate the removal of the monument with the state's branch of the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), citing that it was against their guidelines since it was a historic area and it had to be respected. Architects cited the building of the Guadalajara Centro railway station as an example of previous omissions to those guidelines. The director of the state's INAH, Alicia García Vázquez, mentioned that it should "remain in that space, because in the end it symbolically represents these disappeared or murdered women" and that its permanence should be analyzed like any other monument.{{cite web |url=https://perimetral.press/anti-monumenta-debe-permanecer-en-ese-espacio-directora-del-inah-jalisco/ |title="Anti Monumenta debe permanecer en ese espacio": directora del INAH Jalisco |first=Jade |last=Ramírez |trans-title='Antimonumenta must stay in that place': director of the INAH Jalisco |language=es |date=2 December 2020 |work=Perimetral |access-date=23 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224023925/https://perimetral.press/anti-monumenta-debe-permanecer-en-ese-espacio-directora-del-inah-jalisco/ |url-status=live }}