Antrophyum
{{Short description|Genus of ferns}}
{{automatic taxobox
| taxon = Antrophyum
| image = Bulletin du Dpartement de l'agriculture aux Indies nerlandaises (1906-1911) (20251369230).jpg
| image_alt = drawings of several undivided fern fronds, spindle-shaped to elliptical, with long sori underneath following slightly netted veins
| authority = Kaulf. 1824
| type_species = Antrophyum plantagineum
| type_species_authority = (Cav.) Kaulf.
}}
Antrophyum is a genus of ferns in the family Pteridaceae.[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?17529 Antrophyum] USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) 14 Jan 2012 They are commonly known as lineleaf ferns.{{PLANTS|id=ANTRO|taxon=Antrophyum Kaulf. lineleaf fern|accessdate=14 Jan 2012}}
Description
Like most other vittarioid ferns, members of the genus have simple, straplike leaves. Most species lack a costa (midrib), although a few have a partial one, and the leaves are generally more than {{convert|1|cm|in|sigfig=1}} wide. The leaves have netlike venation, with three or more rows of areolae ("gaps" in the net of veins) on either side of the midline. Linear sori are borne along the veins throughout the underside of the leaf. Paraphyses (miniature hairs) are present on the sori (separating the genus from Polytaenium); the cells at the tips of the paraphyses may be spherical or slender, and spores are trilete. (By comparison, Scoliosorus and Antrophyopsis always have spherical cells at the tips of their paraphyses, and monolete spores.){{cite journal |last1=Schuettpelz |first1=Eric |last2=Chen |first2=Cheng-Wei |last3=Kessler |first3=Michael |last4=Pinson |first4=Jerald B. |last5=Johnson |first5=Gabriel |last6=Davila |first6=Alex |last7=Cochran |first7=Alyssa T. |last8=Huiet |first8=Layne |last9=Pryer |first9=Kathleen M. |title=A revised generic classification of vittarioid ferns (Pteridaceae) based on molecular, micromorphological, and geographic data |journal=Taxon |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=708–722 |date=August 2016 |doi=10.12705/654.2 |url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/125839/1/Taxon_2016_708-722.pdf }}
Taxonomy
The genus was first described by Georg Friedrich Kaulfuss in 1824. He included in it several species placed in Hemionitis by Carl Ludwig Willdenow, distinguishing them on the basis of their reticulate, indusiate sori sunken into the leaf tissue. The name means "growing from a cavity",{{cite book |title=Enumeratio Filicum |lang=la |last=Kaulfuss |first=Georg Friedrich |authorlink=Georg Friedrich Kaulfuss |publisher=Caroli Cnobloch |location=Leipzig |year=1824 |pages=69, 197 |url=https://archive.org/stream/enumeratiofilic00chamgoog}} a reference to the growth of the sori from a groove in the leaf. In 1875, John Smith designated Antrophyum plantagineum as the lectotype for the genus.{{cite book |title=Historia Filicum |last=Smith |first=John |authorlink=John Smith (botanist) |publisher=Macmillan & Co. |location=London |year=1875 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historiafilicum00smitgoog/page/n193 154], 410 |url=https://archive.org/details/historiafilicum00smitgoog}}
Species include:{{cite web|url=http://homepages.caverock.net.nz/~bj/fern/antrophyum.htm|title=Family Vittariaceae, genus Antrophyum; world species list.|accessdate=2008-10-17|author=Hassler, Michael and Brian Swale|work=Checklist of World Ferns|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017051310/http://homepages.caverock.net.nz/~bj/fern/antrophyum.htm|archive-date=2008-10-17|url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=ANTROPHYUM|title=Antrophyum |accessdate=2008-10-17|work= Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database|publisher = Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra}}
| class="wikitable" |
| colspan=1 | Phylogeny of Antrophyum{{cite journal |last1=Nitta |first1=Joel H. |last2=Schuettpelz |first2=Eric |last3=Ramírez-Barahona |first3=Santiago |last4=Iwasaki |first4=Wataru |display-authors=et al. |year=2022 |title=An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |issue= |page= 909768| doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 |pmid= 36092417|pmc= 9449725|bibcode= |doi-access=free}}{{cite web|last1= |first1= |last2= |display-authors=et al. |year=2023 |title=Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL |url=https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html |version=FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256] |access-date=17 August 2023}} |
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| style="vertical-align:top|
{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |1={{clade |1=A. novae-caledoniae Hieron. |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=A. parvulum Bl. |2=A. plantagineum (Cav.) Kaulf. }} |2={{clade |1=A. crassifolium Chen |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=A. brassii S.Linds. |2={{clade |1=A. megistophyllum Copel. |2=A. strictum Mett. }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=A. lancifolium Rosenst. |2=A. subfalcatum Brackenr. }} |2={{clade |1=A. ledermannii Hier. |2={{clade |1=A. smithii C. Chr. |2={{clade |1=A. tahitense Chen & Nitta 2023 |2={{clade |1=A. austroqueenslandicum D. L. Jones |2=A. solomonense Chen & Nitta 2015 }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=A. pseudolatifolium Chen 2023 |2={{clade |1=A. castaneum H.Itô |2=A. obovatum Bak. }} }} |2={{clade |1=A. semicostatum Bl. |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=A. hovenkampii Chen |2={{clade |1=A. annamense Tardieu & C.Chr. |2={{clade |1=A. henryi Hieron. |2=A. nambanense Chen 2020 }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=A. formosanum Hieron. |2={{clade |1=A. sessilifolium (Cav.) Spreng. |2={{clade |1=A. malgassicum C. Chr. |2={{clade |1=A. vittarioides Bak. |2={{clade |1=A. callifolium Blume (Ox-tongue Fern) |2=A. reticulatum (Forst.) Kaulf. }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |
Other species include:
- A. annetii (Jeanp.) Tardieu
- A. brookei Hook.
- A. costatum Alderw.
- A. jagoanum D.L.Jones & Bostock
- A. kinabaluense Chen 2023
- A. lancifolium Blume
- A. obovatum Baker
- A. ovatum Alderw.
- A. simulans Alderw.
- A. trivittatum C. Chr.
- A. williamsii Benedict
The subgenus Antrophyopsis, containing the species A. bivittatum C. Chr., A. boryanum Willd., and A. mannianum Hook. (later treated in Scoliosorus), was elevated to a genus in 2016.
Distribution
Most species occur in tropical Asia and the Pacific, but A. immersum and A. malgassicum are known from Africa and the Indian Ocean.
References
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{{Plant classification}}
{{Fern classification}}
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