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Anufo language

{{Short description|Tano language spoken in West Africa}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Anufɔ

| altname = Chakosi

| nativename = Anufɔ

| region = Ghana, Togo, Benin, Ivory Coast

| ethnicity = Anufo people

| speakers = {{sigfig|177,200|2}}

| date = 2013

| ref = e22

| familycolor = Niger-Congo

| fam2 = Atlantic–Congo

| fam3 = Kwa

| fam4 = Potou–Tano

| fam5 = Tano

| fam6 = Central Tano (Akan)

| fam7 = Bia

| fam8 = North

| minority = {{flag|Benin}}

| iso3 = cko

| glotto = anuf1239

| glottorefname = Anufɔ

}}

Anufo (Anufɔ), also known as Chakosi, is a Central Tano language spoken in northeast Ghana, northern Togo, northwest Benin and Ivory Coast by approximately 180,000 people.

According to the 2021 Population and Housing Census in Ghana, the Anufo in northeast Ghana, especially those in the Chereponi District numbered 87,176 with more females of (44,342) representing 50.9 percent than males being (42,834) constituting 49.1 percent (GSS, 2021).

Phonology

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
+Consonants{{cite web | url=https://phoible.org/inventories/view/658 | title=Phoible 2.0 - }}

!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|

! colspan="3" | Labial

!colspan="2" | Alveolar

!colspan="2" | Palatal

!colspan="2" | Velar

!colspan="2" | Labial-velar

!rowspan="2" | Glottal

plain || round || palatal

! plain || palatal

! plain || palatal

! plain || round

! plain || palatal

colspan="2" |Nasal

| {{IPA link|m}} || || {{IPA|mʲ}}

| {{IPA link|n}} ||

| {{IPA link|ɲ}} ||

| {{IPA link|ŋ}} ||

| {{IPA link|ŋm}} || {{IPA|ŋmʲ}}

|

rowspan="2" | Stop

!voiceless

| {{IPA link|p}} || {{IPA|pʷ}}|| {{IPA|pʲ}}

| {{IPA link|t}} || {{IPA|tʲ}}

| {{IPA link|c}} || {{IPA|cʲ}}

| {{IPA link|k}} || {{IPA|kʷ}}

| {{IPA link|kp}} || {{IPA|kpʲ}}

|

voiced

| {{IPA link|b}} || {{IPA|bʷ}} || {{IPA|bʲ}}

| {{IPA link|d}} || {{IPA|dʲ}}

| {{IPA link|ɟ}} || {{IPA|ɟʲ}}

| {{IPA link|ɡ}} || {{IPA|ɡʷ}}

| {{IPA link|gb}} || {{IPA|gbʲ}}

|

rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

| {{IPA link|f}} || {{IPA|fʷ}} || {{IPA|fʲ}}

| {{IPA link|s}} || {{IPA link|ʃ}}

| || {{IPA|ɕᶣ}}

| ||

| ||

| {{IPA link|h}}

voiced

| || ||

| {{IPA link|z}} ||

| || {{IPA|ʑᶣ}}

| ||

| ||

|

colspan="2" | Rhotic

| || ||

| {{IPA link|r}} || {{IPA|rʲ}}

| || |

| ||

| ||

|

rowspan="2" | Approximant

!voiceless

| || || {{IPA|ɥ̥}}

| ||

| ||

| ||

| ||

|

voiced

| || || {{IPA link|ɥ}}

| {{IPA link|l}} || {{IPA|lᶣ}}

| {{IPA link|j}} ||

| ||

| {{IPA link|w}} ||

|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+ Vowels

!

! colspan="2" |Oral

! colspan="2" |Nasal

!Front || Back

!Front || Back

Close

|{{IPA link|i}}

|{{IPA link|u}}

|{{IPA|ĩ}}

|{{IPA|ũ}}

Close-mid

|{{IPA link|e}}

|{{IPA link|o}}

|

|

Open-Mid

|{{IPA link|ɛ}}

|{{IPA link|ɔ}}

|{{IPA|ɛ̃}}

|{{IPA|ɔ̃}}

Open

|{{IPA link|a}}

|

|{{IPA|ã}}

|

Writing

Anufo is written in the Latin alphabet, with the addition of the letters Ɛ ɛ, Ɱ ɱ, Ŋ ŋ and Ɔ ɔ.{{Cite book |title=Anufo Workbook - Oral Proficiency Learning |publisher=Peace Corp |location=Lomé |pages=5}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{incubator|cko}}

{{Languages of Benin}}

{{Languages of Ghana}}

{{Languages of Togo}}

{{Kwa languages}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Central Tano languages

Category:Languages of Togo

Category:Languages of Benin

Category:Languages of Ghana

{{kwa-lang-stub}}