Apocynum
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = SpreadingDogbane.JPG
|image_caption = Apocynum androsaemifolium
|display_parents = 2
|taxon = Apocynum
|authority = L.
|synonyms =
- Apocynastrum Heist. ex Fabr.
- Cynopaema Lunell
- Poacynum Baill.
- Trachomitum Woodson
|synonyms_ref = {{WCSP|12795|access-date=May 21, 2014}}
}}
Apocynum, commonly known as dogbane{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |title=English Names for Korean Native Plants |publisher=Korea National Arboretum |year=2015 |isbn=978-89-97450-98-5 |location=Pocheon |pages=517 |access-date=25 January 2016 |via=Korea Forest Service |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017 }} or Indian hemp, is a small genus of the flowering plant family Apocynaceae. Its name comes from Ancient Greek {{wikt-lang|grc|ἀπόκυνον}},{{LSJ|a)po/kunon|ἀπόκυνον|ref}}. from {{wikt-lang|grc|ἀπο-}} apo- "away" and {{wikt-lang|grc|κύων}} kyōn "dog",http://www.co.jefferson.co.us/coopext/plantdetail.do?sna=Apocynum+androsaemifolium&image=0 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727165744/http://www.co.jefferson.co.us/coopext/plantdetail.do?sna=Apocynum+androsaemifolium&image=0 |date=2011-07-27 }} Colorado Plant Database referring to dogbane (Cionura erecta),{{LSJ|a)po/kunon|ἀπόκυνον|longref}} which was used to poison dogs.{{Jepson Manual |taxon=Apocynum |first=Lauramay T. |last=Dempster}} The genus is native to North America, temperate Asia, and southeastern Europe.{{eFloras|2|102290|Apocynum |first1=Bingtao |last1=Li |first2=Antony J. M. |last2=Leeuwenberg |first3=David J. |last3=Middleton |volume=16}}{{BONAP |genus=Apocynum |date=2013}}
Apocynum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the queen butterfly and the mouse moth.
Uses
Apocynum cannabinum is used as a source of fiber by Native Americans. Apocynum venetum ({{zh|c=羅布麻}}) is used as an herbal tea in China.{{cite journal | pmid=10763585 | doi=10.1055/s-2000-11135 | volume=66 | title=Hepatoprotective effect of Apocynum venetum and its active constituents | journal=Planta Med | pages=127–33 | last1=Xiong | first1=Q | last2=Fan | first2=W | last3=Tezuka | first3=Y | last4=Adnyana | first4=IK | last5=Stampoulis | first5=P | last6=Hattori | first6=M | last7=Namba | first7=T | last8=Kadota | first8=S| year=2000 | issue=2 | bibcode=2000PlMed..66..127X | s2cid=25960011 }} Dogbane contains cymarin, a cardiotonic agent formerly used to treat cardiac arrhythmia in humans.[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=56844123 National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Cymarine]
Species
Almost 300 names have been proposed in the genus for species, subspecies, and forms. {{As of|2019}}, only the following five species and hybrids are currently recognized, with several subspecies and varieties accepted for A. androsaemifolium and A. venetum (see their respective species pages).
- Apocynum androsaemifolium L. – Canada, United States, northeastern Mexico
- Apocynum cannabinum L. – Canada, United States
- Apocynum × floribundum Greene (a hybrid of A. androsaemifolium and A. cannabinum) – Canada, United States, northern Mexico
- Apocynum pictum Schrenk – China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
- Apocynum venetum L. – southeastern Europe and Asia
{{Gallery|mode=packed
|Apocynum cannabinum Toulouse.jpg|Flowers of Apocynum cannabinum
|Apocynum androsaemifolium 2017-05-23 0651.jpg|Leaves of Apocynum androsaemifolium
|Apocynum venetum 1.jpg|Apocynum venetum
}}
References
External links
- {{Commons category-inline}}
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