Apolipoprotein A-II
{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{Infobox protein family
| Symbol = ApoA-II
| Name = ApoA-II
| image = PDB 1l6l EBI.jpg
| width =
| caption = structures of apolipoprotein a-ii and a lipid surrogate complex provide insights into apolipoprotein-lipid interactions
| Pfam = PF04711
| Pfam_clan =
| InterPro = IPR006801
| SMART =
| PROSITE =
| MEROPS =
| SCOP = 1l6k
| TCDB =
| OPM family =
| OPM protein =
| CAZy =
| CDD =
}}Apolipoprotein A-II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA2 gene.{{cite journal | vauthors = Tsao YK, Wei CF, Robberson DL, Gotto AM, Chan L | title = Isolation and characterization of the human apolipoprotein A-II gene. Electron microscopic analysis of RNA:DNA hybrids, nucleotide sequence, identification of a polymorphic MspI site, and general structural organization of apolipoprotein genes | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 260 | issue = 28 | pages = 15222–31 | date = Dec 1985 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)95725-X | pmid = 2415515 | doi-access = free }} It is the second most abundant protein of the high density lipoprotein particles. The protein is found in plasma as a monomer, homodimer, or heterodimer with apolipoprotein D. ApoA-II regulates many steps in HDL metabolism, and its role in coronary heart disease is unclear. {{cite journal |last1=Tailleux |first1=Anne |last2=Duriez |first2=Patrick |last3=Fruchart |first3=Jean-Charles |last4=Clavey |first4=Véronique |date=September 2002 |title=Apolipoprotein A-II, HDL metabolism and atherosclerosis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12119188 |journal=Atherosclerosis |volume=164 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |doi=10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00751-1 |issn=0021-9150 |pmid=12119188}} Remarkably, defects in this gene may result in apolipoprotein A-II deficiency or hypercholesterolemia.{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: APOA2 apolipoprotein A-II| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=336}}
Interactions
ApoA-II has been shown to interact with phospholipid transfer protein.{{cite journal | vauthors = Pussinen PJ, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Pyle LE, Marcel YL, Fidge NH, Ehnholm C | title = Binding of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) to apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: location of a PLTP binding domain in the amino terminal region of apoA-I | journal = Journal of Lipid Research | volume = 39 | issue = 1 | pages = 152–61 | date = Jan 1998 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34211-5 | pmid = 9469594 | doi-access = free }}
Interactive pathway map
{{StatinPathway WP430|highlight=APOA2}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- {{UCSC gene info|APOA2}}
Further reading
{{refbegin | 2}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Blanco-Vaca F, Escolà-Gil JC, Martín-Campos JM, Julve J | title = Role of apoA-II in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis: advances in the study of an enigmatic protein | journal = Journal of Lipid Research | volume = 42 | issue = 11 | pages = 1727–39 | date = Nov 2001 | doi = 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31499-1 | pmid = 11714842 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Kalopissis AD, Pastier D, Chambaz J | title = Apolipoprotein A-II: beyond genetic associations with lipid disorders and insulin resistance | journal = Current Opinion in Lipidology | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 165–72 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12642785 | doi = 10.1097/00041433-200304000-00008| s2cid = 7365994 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Vollmer E, Brust J, Roessner A, Bosse A, Burwikel F, Kaesberg B, Harrach B, Robenek H, Böcker W | title = Distribution patterns of apolipoproteins A1, A2, and B in the wall of atherosclerotic vessels | journal = Virchows Archiv A | volume = 419 | issue = 2 | pages = 79–88 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1908160 | doi = 10.1007/BF01600220 | s2cid = 31793659 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Deeb SS, Takata K, Peng RL, Kajiyama G, Albers JJ | title = A splice-junction mutation responsible for familial apolipoprotein A-II deficiency | journal = American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 46 | issue = 4 | pages = 822–7 | date = Apr 1990 | pmid = 2107739 | pmc = 1683675 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Gordon JI, Sims HF, Edelstein C, Scanu AM, Strauss AW | title = Extracellular processing of proapolipoprotein A-II in Hep G2 cell cultures is mediated by a 54-kDa protease immunologically related to cathepsin B | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 260 | issue = 27 | pages = 14824–31 | date = Nov 1985 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)38646-5 | pmid = 2414299 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Lackner KJ, Law SW, Brewer HB | title = The human apolipoprotein A-II gene: complete nucleic acid sequence and genomic organization | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 13 | issue = 12 | pages = 4597–608 | date = Jun 1985 | pmid = 2989800 | pmc = 321808 | doi = 10.1093/nar/13.12.4597 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Knott TJ, Wallis SC, Robertson ME, Priestley LM, Urdea M, Rall LB, Scott J | title = The human apolipoprotein AII gene: structural organization and sites of expression | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 13 | issue = 17 | pages = 6387–98 | date = Sep 1985 | pmid = 2995928 | pmc = 321960 | doi = 10.1093/nar/13.17.6387 }}
- {{cite book | vauthors = Chan L, Moore MN, Tsao YK | chapter = Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human apolipoprotein A-II cDNA | title = Plasma Lipoproteins Part A: Preparation, Structure, and Molecular Biology | series = Methods in Enzymology | volume = 128 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/plasmalipoprotei0000unse/page/745 745–52] | year = 1986 | pmid = 3088392 | doi = 10.1016/0076-6879(86)28103-3 | isbn = 978-0-12-182028-2 | chapter-url-access = registration | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/plasmalipoprotei0000unse/page/745 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Middleton-Price HR, van den Berghe JA, Scott J, Knott TJ, Malcolm S | title = Regional chromosomal localisation of APOA2 to 1q21-1q23 | journal = Human Genetics | volume = 79 | issue = 3 | pages = 283–5 | date = Jul 1988 | pmid = 3136074 | doi = 10.1007/BF00366253 | s2cid = 35574652 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Shelley CS, Sharpe CR, Baralle FE, Shoulders CC | title = Comparison of the human apolipoprotein genes. Apo AII presents a unique functional intron-exon junction | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 186 | issue = 1 | pages = 43–51 | date = Nov 1985 | pmid = 3935800 | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90255-4 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Brewer HB, Lux SE, Ronan R, John KM | title = Amino acid sequence of human apoLp-Gln-II (apoA-II), an apolipoprotein isolated from the high-density lipoprotein complex | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 69 | issue = 5 | pages = 1304–8 | date = May 1972 | pmid = 4338591 | pmc = 426687 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.69.5.1304 | bibcode = 1972PNAS...69.1304B | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Lux SE, John KM, Ronan R, Brewer HB | title = Isolation and characterization of the tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides of apoLp-Gln-II (apoA-II), plasma high density apolipoprotein | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 247 | issue = 23 | pages = 7519–27 | date = Dec 1972 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)44556-0 | pmid = 4344225 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Moore MN, Kao FT, Tsao YK, Chan L | title = Human apolipoprotein A-II: nucleotide sequence of a cloned cDNA, and localization of its structural gene on human chromosome 1 | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 123 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–7 | date = Aug 1984 | pmid = 6089788 | doi = 10.1016/0006-291X(84)90371-1 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Lackner KJ, Law SW, Brewer HB | title = Human apolipoprotein A-II: complete nucleic acid sequence of preproapo A-II | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 175 | issue = 1 | pages = 159–64 | date = Sep 1984 | pmid = 6090207 | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80590-6 | s2cid = 9320651 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 1984FEBSL.175..159L }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Gordon JI, Budelier KA, Sims HF, Edelstein C, Scanu AM, Strauss AW | title = Biosynthesis of human preproapolipoprotein A-II | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 258 | issue = 22 | pages = 14054–9 | date = Nov 1983 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44023-3 | pmid = 6315718 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Sharpe CR, Sidoli A, Shelley CS, Lucero MA, Shoulders CC, Baralle FE | title = Human apolipoproteins AI, AII, CII and CIII. cDNA sequences and mRNA abundance | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 12 | issue = 9 | pages = 3917–32 | date = May 1984 | pmid = 6328445 | pmc = 318799 | doi = 10.1093/nar/12.9.3917 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Stoffel W, Krüger E, Deutzmann R | title = Cell-free translation of human liver apolipoprotein AI and AII mRNA. Processing of primary translation products | journal = Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie | volume = 364 | issue = 3 | pages = 227–37 | date = Mar 1983 | pmid = 6407957 | doi = 10.1515/bchm2.1983.364.1.227 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Knott TJ, Priestley LM, Urdea M, Scott J | title = Isolation and characterisation of a cDNA encoding the precursor for human apolipoprotein AII | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 120 | issue = 3 | pages = 734–40 | date = May 1984 | pmid = 6428397 | doi = 10.1016/S0006-291X(84)80168-0 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Lackner KJ, Law SW, Brewer HB, Sakaguchi AY, Naylor SL | title = The human apolipoprotein A-II gene is located on chromosome 1 | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 122 | issue = 3 | pages = 877–83 | date = Aug 1984 | pmid = 6433912 | doi = 10.1016/0006-291X(84)91172-0 }}
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{{Lipoproteins}}
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