Arachis monticola
{{Short description|Species of legume}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Arachis monticola seeds.jpg
|genus = Arachis
|species = monticola
}}
Arachis monticola is a close relative of the domesticated peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Besides the peanut, it is the only other tetraploid species in the genus Arachis. It is thought to be the immediate wild ancestor of peanut,{{Cite journal|doi = 10.3732/ajb.94.12.1963 | volume = 94 | issue = 12 | pages = 1963–1971 | last = Seijo | first = Guillermo |author2=Graciela I. Lavia|author3=Aveliano Fernandez|author4=Antonio Krapovickas|author5=Daniel A. Ducasse|author6=David J. Bertioli|author7=Eduardo A. Moscone | title = Genomic relationships between the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea, Leguminosae) and its close relatives revealed by double GISH | journal = Am. J. Bot. | date = 2007-12-01 | pmid=21636391| doi-access = free | hdl = 11336/36879 | hdl-access = free }} although it may be a weedy form, descended from cultivated peanuts.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.3146/i0095-3679-25-1-3 | issn = 0095-3679 | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 7–12 | last = Pattee | first = H. E. |author2=H. T. Stalker|author3=F. G. Giesbrecht | title = Reproductive Efficiency in Reciprocal Crosses of Arachis monticola with A. hypogaea Subspecies | journal = Peanut Science | year = 1998 }}