Arapaima mapae

{{Short description|Species of fish}}

{{Speciesbox

| status = DD

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=Stewart, D.J.|date=2021|title=Arapaima mapae |volume=2021|page=e.T192480833A192480843|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T192480833A192480843.en}}

| taxon = Arapaima mapae

| authority = (Valenciennes, 1847)

| synonyms = * Vastres mapae Valenciennes, 1847

| range_map = Arapaima_mapae_Distribution.png

| range_map_caption = The collection location of the holotype of Arapaima mapae. No other specimens have been recorded.

}}

Arapaima mapae is a species of freshwater fish endemic to Brazil, where it is known only from Lago do Amapá in Amapá State.{{Cite web |title=Arapaima mapae |url=https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Arapaima-mapae.html |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=www.fishbase.se}}

It is a member of the arapaimas, a genus of air-breathing fish that contains some of the world's largest freshwater fish. It is known only from a single holotype collected in 1837, which was purchased by a French army officer from an indigenous trader in French Guiana, and later described as a new species by Achille Valenciennes. A 2013 review of wild-caught Arapaima specimens worldwide found sufficient morphological evidence to classify it as a distinct species.{{Cite journal |last=Stewart |first=Donald J. |date=2013-03-27 |title=Re-description of Arapaima agassizii (Valenciennes), a Rare Fish from Brazil (Osteoglossomorpha: Osteoglossidae) |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ci-12-013 |journal=Copeia |volume=2013 |issue=1 |pages=38–51 |doi=10.1643/ci-12-013 |s2cid=84207464 |issn=0045-8511|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite web |last=Communications |first=ESF Office of |title=Stewart: 'Conventional Wisdom' Threatens Giant Fishes |url=https://www.esf.edu/communications/view.asp?newsID=2629 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=SUNY-ESF |language=en}}

There have been no efforts to rediscover the species and assess the status of the population; for this reason, it is classified as data deficient on the IUCN Red List. However, potential threats to this species include overfishing, habitat degradation, and the introduction of alien arapaima species.