Architect of the Capitol

{{short description|Person and federal agency that maintain the United States Capitol complex}}

{{use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}{{use American English|date=February 2025}}

{{infobox government agency

| agency_name = Architect of the Capitol

| budget = $788 million (2022)

| chief1_name = Thomas E. Austin

| chief1_position = Architect

| chief2_name = Joseph A. Campbell

| chief2_position = Deputy Architect

| employees = 2,444

| formed = {{start date and age|1793}}

| headquarters = {{plainlist|

| jurisdiction = United States Capitol Complex

| logo = logo of the United States Architect of the Capitol.svg

| logo_width = 150px

| website = {{URL|https://aoc.gov}}

}}

The Architect of the Capitol is the federal agency responsible for the maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of the United States Capitol Complex. It is an agency of the legislative branch of the federal government{{cite web|url=http://www.aoc.gov/doing-business-aoc/overview|title=Overview of Doing Business with AOC|access-date=April 4, 2014}} and is accountable to the United States Congress and the Supreme Court. Both the agency and the head of the agency are called "Architect of the Capitol".{{cite web|url=https://aoc.gov/about-us/history/architects-of-the-capitol|title=Architects of the Capitol}} The head of the agency is appointed by a vote of a congressional commission for a ten-year term.{{Cite news |last=Tully-McManus |first=Katherine |date=December 14, 2023 |title=Congress claws back hiring and firing power for the Capitol building’s top manager |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2023/12/14/congress/control-of-the-capitol-architect-ndaa-00131625 |work=Politico}}H.R. 2670 (118th Congress, PL118-31), SEC. 5702 of the Architect of the Capitol Appointment Act of 2024, FY24NDAA. Prior to 2024, the president of the United States appointed the architect upon confirmation vote by the United States Senate,{{Cite web |title=2 U.S. Code § 1801 - Appointment |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/2/1801 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute |language=en}} and was accountable to the president.

Overview

The agency had 2,444 employees and an annual budget of approximately $788 million as of September 2022.Architect of the Capitol. [https://www.aoc.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/aoc-performance-and-accountability-report-fy-2022-508.pdf Performance and Accountability Report for Fiscal Year 2022], Nov. 2022. Performance and accountability reports are at http://www.aoc.gov/par

The head of the agency sits on the Capitol Police Board, which has jurisdiction over the United States Capitol Police, and on the United States Capitol Guide Board, which has jurisdiction over the United States Capitol Guide Service. The head of the agency is a member of the Capitol Police Board and the Congressional Accessibility Services Board, as well as an ex officio member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission. Additionally, the architect of the Capitol is a member of the District of Columbia Zoning Commission, the President’s Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the National Capital Memorial Commission, the Art Advisory Committee to the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority and the National Institute for Conservation of Cultural Property.{{cite web |title=Thomas E. Austin |url=https://www.aoc.gov/about-us/history/architects-of-the-capitol/thomas-e-austin |website=www.aoc.gov |publisher=Architect of the Capitol |access-date=21 March 2025}}{{source-attribution}}

Until 1989, the architect of the Capitol was appointed by the president of the United States for an indefinite term. Legislation in 1989 provides that the president appoints the architect for a term of ten years, with the advice and consent of the Senate, from a list of three candidates recommended by a congressional commission composed of the speaker of the House, president pro tem of the Senate, the majority and minority leaders of the House and Senate, and the chair and ranking members of the House Committee on House Administration, the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, and the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations.{{cite web|url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41074|url-status=live|date=2023-03-30|access-date=2023-05-11|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230511225025/https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41074|archive-date=2023-05-11|publisher=Congressional Research Service|last=Brudnick|first=Ida|title=Architect of the Capitol: Evolution and Implementation of the Appointment Procedure|format=PDF}} Beginning in 2024, the architect is appointed by a commission of the Senate and House and is eligible for reappointment after completion of a 10-year term.

Responsibility

File:United States Capitol - west front tilt correct.jpg]]

The Architect of the Capitol is responsible to Congress and the Supreme Court for the maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of {{convert|18.4|e6ft2|m2}} of buildings and more than {{convert|570|acre|ha}} of land throughout Capitol Hill including: the House and Senate Office Buildings, Capitol Visitor Center, Library of Congress Buildings, U.S. Supreme Court Building, Thurgood Marshall Federal Judiciary Building, and other facilities. The agency head is responsible for the care of all works of art in the U.S. Capitol as well as the maintenance and restoration of murals, outdoor sculpture and other architectural elements throughout the Capitol campus. The agency head also serves as Acting Director of the U.S. Botanic Garden.{{cite web|url=http://www.aoc.gov/aoc/responsibilities/index.cfm|title=Responsibilities of the Architect {{!}} Architect of the Capitol|website=Aoc.gov|access-date=2013-02-12}}

The office is also responsible for the upkeep and improvement of the Capitol grounds, and the arrangement of inaugural ceremonies and other ceremonies held in the building or on the grounds. Legislation over the years has placed additional buildings and grounds under the Architect of the Capitol.{{Cite web |title=History of the Architect of the Capitol |url=https://www.aoc.gov/about-us/history |url-status=live |access-date=March 20, 2025 |website=AOC.gov}}

{{stack|File:Washington, D.C. - 2007 aerial view.jpg}}

The Capitol Complex includes:

Architects of the Capitol

class="wikitable sortable"
{{abbr|No.|Number}}

! Image

! Architect of the Capitol

! nowrap| Term of office

! nowrap| Deputy Architect

! nowrap| Assistant Architect

! nowrap|Appointed by

! class="unsortable" | Notes

1

| 80px

| nowrap | William Thornton

| nowrap | 1793–1802

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| Washington

| Honored as the "first architect" for his design of the U.S. Capitol.

rowspan=2 | 2

| rowspan=2 | 80px

| nowrap rowspan=2 | Benjamin Henry Latrobe

| nowrap | March 6, 1803 –
July 1, 1811

| rowspan=2 data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| rowspan=2 data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| Jefferson

| rowspan=2 | Latrobe was appointed twice. President Jefferson appointed him to take over work on the building in 1803, and construction halted in 1811. During the War of 1812, British troops burned the Capitol, prompting President Madison to reappoint Latrobe as Architect of the Capitol to conduct repairs.

nowrap | April 6, 1815 –
November 20, 1817

| Madison

3

| 80px

| nowrap | Charles Bulfinch

| nowrap | January 8, 1818 –
June 25, 1829

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| Monroe

|

4

| 80px

| nowrap | Thomas U. Walter
(Engineer-in-charge:
Montgomery C. Meigs)

| nowrap | June 11, 1851 –
May 26, 1865

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| Edward Clark

| Fillmore

| Walter and Meigs shared responsibility for the Capitol and the construction of its additions.

5

| 80px

| nowrap | Edward Clark

| nowrap | August 30, 1865 –
January 6, 1902

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| Elliott Woods
(1901–1902)

| A. Johnson

|

6

| 80px

| nowrap | Elliott Woods

| nowrap | February 19, 1902 –
May 22, 1923

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| T. Roosevelt

|

7

| 80px

| nowrap | David Lynn

| nowrap | August 22, 1923 –
September 30, 1954

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| Horace Rouzer
(1930–1946)
Arthur Cook
(1946–1959)

| Coolidge

|

8

| 80px

| nowrap | J. George Stewart

| nowrap | October 1, 1954 –
May 24, 1970

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| Arthur Cook
(1946–1959)
Mario Campioli
(1959–1980)

| Eisenhower

|

9

| 80px

| nowrap | George Malcolm White

| nowrap | January 27, 1971 –
November 21, 1995

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| Mario Campioli
(1959–1980)
William L. Ensign
(1980–1997)

| Nixon

| Ensign acted as Architect after White's retirement until a replacement was appointed

10

| 80px

| nowrap | Alan M. Hantman

| nowrap | January 6, 1997 –
February 2, 2007

| Richard A. McSeveney

(Deputy: August 2003 - October 2005)

Stephen T. Ayers
(Deputy: October 2005 – February 2007)
(Acting architect: February 2, 2007 – May 11, 2010)

| rowspan=3 | Michael G. Turnbull
(June 1998 – August 2021)

| Clinton

| The first architect of the Capitol appointed under the legislation passed in 1989 providing for a fixed, renewable ten-year term for the architects of the Capitol. On August 1, 2006, Hantman announced he would not seek a second term when his term expired in 2007.

11

| 80px

| nowrap | Stephen T. Ayers

| May 12, 2010 – November 23, 2018

| Christine A. Merdon
(Deputy: 2011 – November 23, 2018)
(Acting architect: November 24, 2018 – 2020)

| Obama

| Ayers was appointed acting architect of the Capitol from February 2007 – May 2010, and unanimously confirmed as Architect of the Capitol May 12, 2010.

12

| 80px

| nowrap | Brett Blanton

| January 16, 2020 – February 13, 2023

| data-sort-value="9999" | {{center|—}}

| Trump

|Terminated by President Joe Biden following an inspector general's report found that he engaged in "administrative, ethical and policy violations"{{Cite web |title=Biden dismisses scandal-plagued Capitol manager |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/02/13/biden-dismisses-brett-blanton-capitol-manager-00082600 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=Politico |date=February 13, 2023 |language=en}}

13

|110x110px

|Thomas E. Austin

|June 24, 2024 - Present

|Joseph A. Campbell (October 1, 2024 - Present)

|

|

|First architect appointed by congressional commission after changes passed in the 2024 NDAA.{{Cite web |date=May 22, 2024 |title=Congress appoints Army veteran Thomas Austin as new architect of the Capitol |url=https://rollcall.com/2024/05/22/congress-appoints-army-veteran-thomas-austin-as-new-architect-of-the-capitol/ |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=Roll Call |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=May 22, 2024 |title=Congressional Commission Announces Architect of the Capitol Appointment |url=https://www.klobuchar.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2024/5/congressional-commission-announces-architect-of-the-capitol-appointment |url-status=live |access-date=March 20, 2025 |website=Senate.gov}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}