Arena (web browser)

{{quote box|width = 200px|Dave Raggett, realizing that there were not enough working hours left for him to succeed at what he felt was an immensely important task, continued writing his browser at home. There he would sit at a large computer that occupied a fair portion of the dining room table, sharing its slightly sticky surface with paper, crayons, Lego bricks and bits of half-eaten cookies left by the children.|-Web Browser History}}

In 1993, Dave Raggett, then at Hewlett-Packard (HP) in Bristol, England devoted his spare time to developing Arena on which he hoped to demonstrate new and future HTML specifications. Development of the browser was slow because Raggett was the lone developer and HP, {{cns|text=which like many other computer corporations at the time, was unconvinced that the Internet would succeed and thus did not consider investing in web browser development.|date=April 2019}}{{cite web|last=Berners-Lee|first=Tim|title=A Brief History of the Web|url=http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/TimBook-old/History.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=24 August 2010|author-link=Tim Berners-Lee|year=1993–1994|archive-date=29 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229074842/http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/TimBook-old/History.html|url-status=live}} Raggett demonstrated the browser at the first World Wide Web Conference in Geneva, Switzerland in 1994{{cite web|title=WWW94 -- Preliminary Proceedings|url=http://www94.web.cern.ch/WWW94/PrelimProcs.html|publisher=CERN|access-date=21 July 2010|author-link=Robert Cailliau|first=Robert|last=Cailliau|date=2 June 1994|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508003155/http://www94.web.cern.ch/WWW94/PrelimProcs.html|archive-date=8 May 2018|url-status=dead}} and the 1994 ISOC conference in Prague{{cite web|title=INET94 Proceedings|url=http://www.isoc.org/inet94/papers/index.html|publisher=ISOC|access-date=21 July 2010|date=11 March 1997| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100721024824/http://www.isoc.org/inet94/papers/index.html| archive-date= 21 July 2010 | url-status= live}} to show text flow around images, forms, and other aspects of HTML later termed as the HTML+ specification. Raggett subsequently partnered with CERN, to develop Arena further as a proof of concept browser for this work. Using the Arena browser, Dave Raggett, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, Håkon Wium Lie and others demonstrated text flow around a figure with captions, resizable tables, image backgrounds, HTML math, and other features.{{cite book|last1=Kmiec|first1=Michael|last2=Raggett|first2=Dave|last3=Lam|first3=Jenny|author4=Alexander, Ian W.|title=Raggett on HTML 4|year=1998|publisher=Addison Wesley Longman Limited|location=Boston|isbn=978-0-201-17805-0|chapter=Chapter 2 - A history of HTML|access-date=26 August 2010|chapter-url=http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/book4/ch02.html|url=https://archive.org/details/raggettonhtml42n00dave}}{{cite web|first=Bill|last=Stewart|title=Web Browser History|url=http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_browse.htm|publisher=Living Internet|access-date=2 June 2010|archive-date=20 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120213137/http://www.livinginternet.com/w/wi_browse.htm|url-status=live}}{{cite book|last=Okin|first=J. R.|title=The information revolution: the not-for-dummies guide to the history, technology, and use of the World Wide Web|url=https://archive.org/details/informationrevol0000okin|url-access=registration|access-date=9 June 2010|date=30 September 2005|publisher=Ironbound Press|isbn=978-0-9763857-3-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/informationrevol0000okin/page/94 94]}}{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/cv.html|title=Curriculum Vitae/Résumé for Dave Raggett|last=Raggett|first=Dave|date=19 January 2010|access-date=17 June 2010|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100527053224/http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/cv.html| archive-date= 27 May 2010 | url-status= live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/Raggett.html|last=Raggett|first=Dave|title=Dave Raggett's Work at W3C|date=7 November 1997|work=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=17 June 2010|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194348/http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/Raggett.html|url-status=live}} At the Web World conference in Orlando, in early 1995, Raggett demonstrated the different new features of Arena.

Since July 1994 Lie was integrating libwww and CSS and helping Raggett.{{cite web|title=Libwww Hackers|url=http://www.w3.org/Library/Collaborators.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=6 June 2010|author-link=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|first=Henrik Frystyk|last=Nielsen|date=7 June 2002|archive-date=2 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202042207/http://www.w3.org/Library/Collaborators.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Chapter 20 - The CSS saga|url=http://www.w3.org/Style/LieBos2e/history/|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=23 June 2010|author-link1=Håkon Wium Lie|first1=Håkon Wium|last1=Lie|first2=Bert|last2=Bos|author-link2=Bert Bos| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100619053605/http://www.w3.org/Style/LieBos2e/history/| archive-date= 19 June 2010 | url-status= live}} In October 1995, Yves Lafon joined the team for a year to provide support for HTML form and style sheet development.{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/People/Lafon/|title=Yves Lafon|access-date=17 June 2010|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100624003146/http://www.w3.org/People/Lafon/| archive-date= 24 June 2010 | url-status= live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/People/domain?domain=Technology+and+Society|title=The W3C Team: Technology and Society|work=World Wide Web Consortium|date=18 July 2008|access-date=17 June 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100528051449/http://www.w3.org/People/domain?domain=Technology+and+Society| archive-date= 28 May 2010 | url-status= live}}

Arena was originally released for Unix, and although there was talk of a Windows and Macintosh port,{{cite web|title=README|url=https://vichechadesigns.com/archive/arena-0.95a-README|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|author-link=Håkon Wium Lie|first=Håkon Wium|last=Lie|date=10 March 1995|access-date=10 July 2019|archive-date=10 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710104807/https://vichechadesigns.com/archive/arena-0.95a-README|url-status=live}}{{Cite FTP |title=README|url=ftp://ftp.w3.org/pub/arena/0.94a/README|author-link=Håkon Wium Lie|first=Håkon Wium|last=Lie|server=World Wide Web Consortium|url-status=dead|date=15 February 1995}}{{cite web|title=README|url=https://vichechadesigns.com/archive/arena-0.96s-README|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|author-link=Håkon Wium Lie|first=Håkon Wium|last=Lie|date=24 July 1995|access-date=10 July 2019|archive-date=10 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710104811/https://vichechadesigns.com/archive/arena-0.96s-README|url-status=live}} neither came to fruition.{{cite web|url=http://event.cwi.nl/W4G/WS94/usertools.html|title=Web working group - Minutes "Navigation, services and interoperability" session|publisher=Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica|work=World Wide Web Working group|access-date=9 June 2010|archive-date=11 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611164601/https://event.cwi.nl/W4G/WS94/usertools.html|url-status=live}}

Despite its time of development, Arena is in certain areas a relatively modern browser; because it functioned as a testbed,{{cite book|title=The Internet in 3D: information, images, and interaction|year=1997|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780122277368|author=Rae A. Earnshaw|author2=John A. Vince|page=24}} it saw the implementation of new technologies long before they became mainstream, e.g. CSS. Arena implemented many elements of the HTML3 and HTML3.2 specification including math elements that were deprecated in HTML4, HTML tables, and experimental style sheets.

The development history and the source code of earlier software builds are not well documented,{{cite web|title=Arena 0.9|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.9.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=12 June 2010|first1=Dave|last1=Raggett|author-link2=Håkon Wium Lie|first2=Håkon Wium|last2=Lie|author-link3=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|first3=Henik Frystyk|last3=Nielsen|last4=Phill|date=24 October 1994|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105011712/http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.9.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Arena 0.93 is obsolete!|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.93.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=12 June 2010|first1=Dave|last1=Raggett|author-link2=Håkon Wium Lie|first2=Håkon Wium|last2=Lie|author-link3=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|first3=Henik Frystyk|last3=Nielsen|last4=Phill|date=24 July 1995|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105003224/http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.93.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Arena 0.94 is obsolete!|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.94.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=12 June 2010|first1=Dave|last1=Raggett|author-link2=Håkon Wium Lie|first2=Håkon Wium|last2=Lie|author-link3=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|first3=Henik Frystyk|last3=Nielsen|last4=Phill|date=24 July 1995|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105003235/http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.94.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Arena 0.95 is obsolete!|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.95.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=12 June 2010|first1=Dave|last1=Raggett|author-link2=Håkon Wium Lie|first2=Håkon Wium|last2=Lie|author-link3=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|first3=Henik Frystyk|last3=Nielsen|last4=Phill|date=24 July 1995|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105003324/http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.95.html|url-status=live}} because the developers did not want to distribute the source code until they considered the browser to be stable.{{cite web|last=Wirzenius|first=Lars|title=Arena (www-browser) v0.94 uploaded to sunsite|url=http://diswww.mit.edu/bloom-picayune.mit.edu/linuxch-announce/119|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|access-date=8 June 2010|date=25 January 1995|archive-date=16 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716170141/http://diswww.mit.edu/bloom-picayune.mit.edu/linuxch-announce/119|url-status=live}} In version 0.95, support for inline JPEG images was added.{{cite web|title=Arena: Frequently Answered Questions|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/history/0.95.faq.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=11 June 2010|author-link=Håkon Wium Lie|first=Håkon Wium|last=Lie|date=22 February 1995|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105003645/http://www.w3.org/Arena/history/0.95.faq.html|url-status=live}} In version 0.96, support was added for the FTP, NNTP, and Gopher protocols, as well as experimental support for CSS.{{cite web|title=Arena 0.96|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.96.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=11 June 2010|first1=Dave|last1=Raggett|author-link2=Håkon Wium Lie|first2=Håkon Wium|last2=Lie|author-link3=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|first3=Henik Frystyk|last3=Nielsen|last4=Phill|archive-date=1 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201040058/http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.96.html|url-status=live}} In Arena 0.98 Dave Beckett added full PNG support.{{cite web|title=Welcome to Arena 0.98|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.98|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=11 June 2010|author-link=Håkon Wium Lie|first=Håkon Wium|last=Lie|date=23 November 1995|archive-date=2 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102024952/http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.98|url-status=live}}

The W3C published 5 versions of the Arena beta-1 between 27 November 1995 and 8 February 1996 improving 16-bit operating system support{{cite web|title=Welcome to Arena beta-1|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/beta-1|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=6 June 2010|author-link2=Håkon Wium Lie|first2=Håkon Wium|last2=Lie|first1=Yves|last1=Lafon|date=2 July 1995|archive-date=14 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314191338/http://www.w3.org/Arena/beta-1|url-status=live}} and reimplementing CSS (which was still a Working Draft).

The W3C and the INRIA, a French national research institution, gave additional funding to develop CSS.{{cite web|author-link=Håkon Wium Lie|first=Håkon Wium|last=Lie|title=CSS editors|url=http://www4.inria.fr/|publisher=INRIA|access-date=6 June 2010|date=22 May 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961230035541/http://www4.inria.fr/|archive-date=30 December 1996}}{{cite web|title=Style sheets: a case study|url=http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/case-beta-1/Overview.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=6 June 2010|author-link=Håkon Wium Lie|first=Håkon Wium|last=Lie|author2=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|author2-link=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|date=4 September 1995|archive-date=25 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225202954/http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/case-beta-1/Overview.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Lafon|first=Yves|title=Style Example|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/style_ex.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=6 June 2010|date=15 November 1995|archive-date=31 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131031359/http://www.w3.org/Arena/style_ex.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=This is a Level 1 heading in an HTML 3 Test Document|url=http://www.nps.navy.mil/internal/tutorial/test.html|publisher=United States Navy|access-date=6 June 2010|first=Charles|last=Peyton|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19971011091636/http://www.nps.navy.mil/internal/tutorial/test.html|archive-date=11 October 1997|date=9 February 1996}} To better implement and write CSS, an experimental style sheet for Arena was developed. On 22 May 1996, the W3C announced that Amaya will replace Arena as their new testbed and that the W3C was looking for a new maintainer because the W3C did not have the resources for two testbeds.{{cite web|title=Arena: Activity|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/Activity|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=11 June 2010|author-link=Håkon Wium Lie|first=Håkon Wium|last=Lie|date=22 May 1996|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105001402/http://www.w3.org/Arena/Activity|url-status=live}}

W3C Arena:
W3C's:
+======+     HTTP       +======+    +======+    +======+
|Server|--------------->|Buffer|--->|Frame |--->|X11R6 |
+======+ |              +======+ |  +======+ |  +======+
|                       |           |
+---+----+  +--------+  +---+----+  +---+------+
| libwww |  |  code  |  | HTML   |  | drawing  |
|        |  |  conv  |  | parser |  | routine  |
+---+----+  +---+----+  +---+----+  +---+------+
OMRON's:  |           |           |           |
+======+ |  +======+ |  +======+ |  +======+ |  +======+
|Server|----|TmpBuf|--->|Buffer|--->|Frame |--->|X11R6 |
+======+    +======+    +======+    +======+    +======+
HTTP            Internal
CharCode

Beta-2 had two builds (beta-2a: 28 February 1996 and beta-2b: 21 March 1996) and introduced a new API for communicating with other applications.{{cite web|last1=Lafon|first1=Yves|title=Welcome to Arena beta-2|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/beta-2|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|author-link2=Håkon Wium Lie|first2=Håkon Wium|last2=Lie|access-date=6 June 2010|date=6 June 1996|archive-date=1 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201042551/http://www.w3.org/Arena/beta-2|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Lafon|first=Yves|title=Arena beta-2 client communication|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/comm|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=6 June 2010|date=5 July 1996|archive-date=11 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911034713/http://www.w3.org/Arena/comm|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=The browser-history web page|url=http://colas.nahaboo.net/browser-history/|access-date=6 June 2010|first=Colas|last=Nahaboo|date=24 July 2000|publisher=nahaboo.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406052539/http://colas.nahaboo.net/browser-history/|archive-date=6 April 2010|url-status=dead}} Also, the internal component libwww was updated to version 4. OMRON Corporation developed an internationalized version that could display Chinese, Korean and Japanese characters in one page.{{cite web|last=Kreutzmann|first=Dr. Helge|title=WWW-Browsers for Linux|url=http://www.helgefjell.de/browser.php|publisher=helgefjell.de|access-date=3 June 2010|date=6 January 2010|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726084121/http://www.helgefjell.de/browser.php|url-status=live}} OMRON's Arena supports both ISO-2022 and Unicode. It is able to guess the charset parameter automatically if charset parameter isn't specified in Content-Type field.{{cite web

| last = Mukaigawa

| first = Shin'ichi

| title = Arena i18n: Extended Arena by OMRON

| url = http://ws.m2m-dc.ne.jp/~shin/Arena-CJK-doc/

| url-status = dead

| publisher = OMRON

| access-date = 3 June 2010

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070721112811/http://ws.m2m-dc.ne.jp/~shin/Arena-CJK-doc/

| archive-date = 21 July 2007

| date = 2000-04-18

}}{{cite web

| last = Mukaigawa

| first = Shin'ichi

| title = A国際化WWWブラウザの設計と実装 --- i18n Arena

| trans-title = Design and Implementation of I18N WWW Browser --- i18n Arena

| language = ja

| url = http://ws.m2m-dc.ne.jp/~shin/Arena-jwwwc-95/

| url-status = dead

| publisher = OMRON

| access-date = 7 June 2010

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061013005501/http://ws.m2m-dc.ne.jp/~shin/Arena-jwwwc-95/

| archive-date = 13 October 2006

| date = 1996-02-03

}}{{cite web

| title = Code Converter of Arena

| url = http://ws.m2m-dc.ne.jp/~shin/Arena-CJK-doc/codeconv.html

| url-status = dead

| publisher = OMRON

| access-date = 2 July 2010

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070721113552/http://ws.m2m-dc.ne.jp/~shin/Arena-CJK-doc/codeconv.html

| archive-date = 21 July 2007

| date = 1996-04-09

}}

Beta-3a released on 14 August 1996 and Beta-3b released on 16 September 1996 introduced support for the Linux operating systems on m68k and DEC Alpha.{{cite web|last1=Lafon|first1=Yves|title=Welcome to Arena beta-3|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/beta-3|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=6 June 2010|first2=Håkon Wium|last2=Lie|author-link2=Håkon Wium Lie|date=6 June 1996|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928083602/http://www.w3.org/Arena/beta-3|url-status=live}} CSS 1 support was enhanced and the internationalized version was also updated. Between the two beta-3 releases the W3C was already looking at a new testbed and switched later to the Amaya browser. Beta-3 was the last involvement of the W3C in the development of Arena. On 17 February 1997, Yggdrasil Computing took over the role of developing the browser.{{cite press release|first=Adam |last=Richter |title=Yggdrasil approved by The World Wide Web Consortium to develop Arena Web Browser. |url=http://www.yggdrasil.com/Products/Arena/handoff.html |publisher=Yggdrasil Computing |access-date=4 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021109012710/http://www.yggdrasil.com/Products/Arena/handoff.html |archive-date=9 November 2002 |url-status=dead }}

File:Arena.3.62-1.png

On 17 February 1997, the W3C approved Yggdrasil to coordinate future development of Arena.{{cite journal|last=Richter|first=Adam J.|title=Yggdrasil approved by The World Wide Web Consortium to develop "Arena" Web Browser.|journal=Linux Gazette|url=http://linuxgazette.net/issue15/yggdrasil.html|access-date=26 August 2010|archive-date=16 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616025212/http://linuxgazette.net/issue15/yggdrasil.html|url-status=live}} Development was taken over by Yggdrasil, with the idea to turn Arena into an open source X Window System browser licensed under the GNU General Public License.{{cite web|url=http://tldp.org/HOWTO/archived/WWW-HOWTO/WWW-HOWTO-2.html|title=Linux WWW HOWTO : Setting up WWW client software|publisher=The Linux Documentation Project|access-date=7 June 2010|archive-date=7 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607132831/http://tldp.org/HOWTO/archived/WWW-HOWTO/WWW-HOWTO-2.html|url-status=live}} Yggdrasil licensed an X emulator from Pearl Software to port Arena to Windows, although these builds were never released. Yggdrasil did not provide any official binaries at this time, because they did not want to expand the community with alpha-quality software.{{cite web|last=QingLong|first=Lu|title=The Arena Web Browser|url=http://www.yggdrasil.com/Products/Arena/|publisher=Yggdrasil Computing|access-date=6 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030205061330/http://www.yggdrasil.com/Products/Arena/ |archive-date=5 February 2003 }} Although users would be able to run Arena by compiling it from the published source code, volunteers created unofficial finished binaries.{{cite web|last=QingLong |first=Lu |title=Arena Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.yggdrasil.com/Products/Arena/Arena.FAQ.html |publisher=Yggdrasil Computing |access-date=6 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030228181036/http://www.yggdrasil.com/Products/Arena/Arena.FAQ.html |archive-date=28 February 2003 |url-status=dead }} Yggdrasil had planned to implement browsing features that were already standard in competitive web browsers, which resulted in the new bookmarks feature in version 0.3.18 on 7 April 1997.{{cite web|last=QingLong|first=Lu|title=Arena change history|url=http://www.yggdrasil.com/Products/Arena/release/CHANGES.html|publisher=Yggdrasil Computing|access-date=3 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030228182751/http://www.yggdrasil.com/Products/Arena/release/CHANGES.html|archive-date=28 February 2003|date=24 March 1998}}

Development stopped in late 1998, with the final release being on 25 November 1998.Because the official page is no longer online, the older source code and precompiled builds of Yggdrasil's development are no longer available, although Debian's repository archive contains the three newest builds. The W3C did not consider demonstration projects to be high priority, and thus, the Arena browser was entirely shut down in favor of outside Linux-community development.{{cite web|url=http://www.ics.uci.edu/~rohit/w3c-evol|title=The Evolution of the World Wide Web Consortium|last=Khare|first=Rohit|date=19 March 1998|access-date=7 June 2010|archive-date=8 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608042803/http://www.ics.uci.edu/~rohit/w3c-evol|url-status=live}}

Arena supported the following features:

• HTML3.0 – the HTML3.2 standard predecessor, which includes {{tag|math|o}}, tables, forms, etc.{{cite web|title=MAPS: Minutes and APpendiceS|language=nl|url=http://www.ntg.nl/maps/16/maps.pdf|publisher=Nederlandstalige TEX Gebruikersgroep|access-date=10 June 2010|date=5 September 1995|archive-date=24 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724163410/http://www.ntg.nl/maps/16/maps.pdf|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.agocg.ac.uk/reports/mmedia/handbook/hndbk.htm|title=Running A World-Wide Web Service|last=Kelly|first=Brian|year=1994|work=handbook|publisher=AGOCG (Advisory Group on Computer Graphics)|access-date=9 August 2011|archive-date=4 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004083355/http://www.agocg.ac.uk/reports/mmedia/handbook/hndbk.htm|url-status=live}}
• CSS1{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/People/howcome/t/Style.htm|title=Web Style Sheets|author-link=Håkon Wium Lie|first=Håkon Wium|last=Lie|date=4 March 1997|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=17 June 2010|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105004525/http://www.w3.org/People/howcome/t/Style.htm|url-status=live}}
• style sheet editing. This very experimental style sheet editor was implemented using forms
• editing remote HTML pages
• MIME (reads your mailcap file and applies the rules)
• direct access to WAIS engines (optionally)
• HTTP 1.1 proposed by RFC 2068 (formerly called HTTP-NG){{cite web|title=Progress on HTTP-NG|url=http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP-NG/http-ng-status.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=11 June 2010|first=Simon|last=Spero| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100710160128/http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP-NG/http-ng-status.html| archive-date= 10 July 2010 | url-status= live}}
• HTML editing with external editor
• external client communication (API and HTML "mailto:" scheme)
• PNG, JPEG, GIF{{cite journal|last=Roelofs|first=Greg|date=1 April 1997|title=History of the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Format|journal=Linux Journal|issue=36|access-date=26 August 2010|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2125?page=0,2|archive-date=7 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607185730/http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2125?page=0,2|url-status=live}} (but not animated GIFs){{cite web|title=The Results |url=http://threetoad.com/main/Results.html#A |publisher=ThreeToad Multimedia |access-date=15 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990224121343/http://threetoad.com/main/Results.html |archive-date=24 February 1999 |url-status=dead }}
• Bookmarks (since 0.3.18)
• full XPM (since 0.3.33) and full XBM (since 0.3.34){{cite web|title=Arena 0.92 is obsolete!|url=http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.92.html|publisher=World Wide Web Consortium|first1=Dave|last1=Raggett|author-link2=Håkon Wium Lie|first2=Håkon Wium|last2=Lie|author-link3=Henrik Frystyk Nielsen|first3=Henik Frystyk|last3=Nielsen|last4=Phill|date=16 January 1995|access-date=11 June 2010|archive-date=5 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105003133/http://www.w3.org/Arena/0.92.html|url-status=live}}
• Java applets (since 0.3.39)
• HTML Table support
• HTML Math equations{{cite web|url=http://www.amsta.leeds.ac.uk/~read/browsers.html|title=Web browsers for Linux|last=Cross|first=Graeme|date=27 July 1998|publisher=University of Leeds|access-date=7 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419041510/http://www.amsta.leeds.ac.uk/~read/browsers.html|archive-date=19 April 2010|url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://www.saugus.net/Computer/FreeSoftware/ |title=Some Free Software |publisher=Saugus.net |access-date=15 June 2010 |archive-date=6 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706000648/http://www.saugus.net/Computer/FreeSoftware/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web|url=http://www.agocg.ac.uk/reports/mmedia/handbook/hndbk3.htm|title=Running A WWW Service - 3 World-Wide Web Browsers|publisher=Advisory Group on Computer Graphics|access-date=15 June 2010|archive-date=15 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615154731/http://www.agocg.ac.uk/reports/mmedia/handbook/hndbk3.htm|url-status=live}}
• Link rendition{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html|title=Frequently asked questions by the Press - Tim BL|last=Berners-Lee|first=Tim|author-link=Tim Berners-Lee|work=World Wide Web Consortium|access-date=9 June 2010|archive-date=3 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003222504/http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.html|url-status=live}}
• FTP, NNTP, Gopher

Arena was built using the multi-threaded library of common code called the W3C Reference Library, now called libwww.{{cite web|url=http://www.broward.edu/threads/comp.jsp|title=Computing and The Internet|publisher=Broward College|access-date=7 June 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20020913085858/http://www.broward.edu/threads/comp.jsp|archive-date=13 September 2002|url-status=dead}}{{cite journal|last=Hughes|first=Phil|date=December 1995|title=Stop the Presses: Just Browsing|journal=Linux Journal|volume=1995|issue=20es|issn=1075-3583|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=324938.32495|doi=10.1109/TIT.1987.1057315|pages=323–328|hdl=1721.1/149096 |citeseerx=10.1.1.309.7741|access-date=5 June 2010|archive-date=29 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029224252/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TIT.1987.1057315|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/linuxlist/linuxlist/node52.html|title=Wn-Wz|publisher=Texas A&M University|first=Steven K.|last=Baum|date=13 October 1998|access-date=15 June 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630220340/http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/linuxlist/linuxlist/node52.html|archive-date=30 June 2012|url-status=dead}} Originally, the Arena browser was built on top of Xlib as Raggett considered the programming manuals for Motif and other X libraries to be rather daunting.

Arena has three different systems for the version numbering. The W3C pre-beta phase uses a system of numbers up to 0.99, which indicated that these builds were in alpha-quality and the browser could have new features. The beta phase changed the version numbering to a system consisting of the word "Beta-" beta followed by a number. After the beta-phase, the final product would have the version 1.0. After Yggdrasil overtook the development, the development status was changed from the W3C beta builds back to alpha, implying that the Arena browser wasn't yet ready for release. The beta-3e version numbering then became 0.3.5 in GNU style{{cite web|last=QingLong|first=Lu|title=Arena change history|url=http://www.yggdrasil.com/Products/Arena/release/CHANGES.html|publisher=Yggdrasil Computing|access-date=3 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030228182751/http://www.yggdrasil.com/Products/Arena/release/CHANGES.html|archive-date=28 February 2003|date=24 March 1998|quote=beta-3e aka 0.3.05 (12.12.96)}} Development remained in alpha stage until 0.3.62, and never again advanced to beta.

Although Arena ran well,{{cite journal|date=1 April 1996|title=Letters to the Editor|journal=Linux Journal|issue=24|url=http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1235?quicktabs_1=0|access-date=26 August 2010|archive-date=7 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607185750/http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1235?quicktabs_1=0|url-status=live}} there were inconsistent reports about the speed of Arena.

The biggest problems were that Arena couldn't handle forms, and that the PNG support was broken from version 0.3.07 on. Earlier Arena releases had full alpha-channel support, but only with using Arena's own "sandy" background pattern.{{cite web|last=Roelofs|first=Greg|title=PNG Transparency|url=http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pngs-img-arena.html|publisher=libpng|access-date=10 June 2010|date=14 March 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100725055925/http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/pngs-img-arena.html| archive-date= 25 July 2010 | url-status= live}} The animated GIFs extension – presented by Netscape in March 1996 – did not work properly.

Other problems included rendering problems with tables, and the lack of integration of so-called extended HTML code, i.e. the {{code|lang=HTML|}}-tag and the {{code|lang=HTML|

{{Gallery

|title=Screenshots of the unreleased development of the W3C Arena version 1.0a

|File:Arena figure.png|HTML+ document rendered

|File:Arena Form.gif|HTML form

|File:Arena table2.gif|HTML+ table

|File:Arena table3.gif|HTML3.1 and math

|File:Arena table1.gif|HTML3.0 table

}}

{{wide image|border=no|align-cap=center|Arena browser Timeline.svg|1800px||100%}}

{{Reflist|group=note}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{refbegin|30em}}

• {{cite web|url=http://slackware.oregonstate.edu/slackware-3.3/docs/XFree86-HOWTO|title=The Linux XFree86 HOWTO|last=Raymond|first=Eric S.|date=26 March 1997|access-date=7 June 2010|archive-date=20 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720024147/http://slackware.oregonstate.edu/slackware-3.3/docs/XFree86-HOWTO|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Ford|first=Andrew|title=Spinning the web: how to provide information on the Internet|url=https://archive.org/details/spinningwebhowto00ford|url-access=registration|access-date=9 June 2010|year=1995|publisher=International Thomson Pub.|page=[https://archive.org/details/spinningwebhowto00ford/page/6 6]}}
• {{cite book|last1=Raggett|first1=Dave|last2=Lam|first2=Jenny|last3=Alexander|first3=Ian|title=HTML 3: electronic publishing on the World Wide Web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cZMnAAAAMAAJ|date=April 1996|publisher=Addison-Wesley|isbn=978-0-201-87693-2|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=19 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319065936/http://books.google.com/books?id=cZMnAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Flynn|first=Peter|title=The World Wide Web handbook: a guide for users, authors, and publishers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgFTAAAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=International Thomson Computer Press|isbn=978-1-85032-205-4|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=19 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319065807/http://books.google.com/books?id=dgFTAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}
• {{cite book|last=Reilly|first=Edwin D.|title=Milestones in computer science and information technology|url=https://archive.org/details/milestonesincomp0000reil|url-access=registration|access-date=9 June 2010|year=2003|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-57356-521-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/milestonesincomp0000reil/page/33 33]}}

{{refend}}

{{refbegin|30em}}

• {{cite book|last1=Ball|first1=Bill|last2=Smoogen|first2=Stephen|title=Sams' teach yourself Linux in 24 hours|url=https://archive.org/details/samsteachyoursel00ball|url-access=registration|access-date=4 June 2010|date=March 1998|publisher=Sams Pub.|isbn=978-0-672-31162-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/samsteachyoursel00ball/page/202 202]}}
• {{cite book|last=Kressin|first=Mark|title=The Internet and the World Wide Web: a time-saving guide for new users|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHzyAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Prentice Hall PTR|isbn=978-0-13-493743-4|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=19 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319031300/http://books.google.com/books?id=zHzyAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}

{{refend}}

{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}

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