Arkalochori Axe

{{Short description|2nd millennium BC Minoan labrys}}

{{Infobox artefact|image=Arkalochori Axe 215.jpg|created={{circa}} 1650 BC|location=Heraklion Archaeological Museum, Crete, Greece|material=Bronze|discovered_date=1934|discovered_by=Spyridon Marinatos|discovered_place=Arkalochori, Crete, Greece|caption=The central portion of the bronze labrys bears inscriptions}}

The Arkalochori Axe is a 2nd millennium BC Minoan bronze votive double axe head or labrys excavated by Spyridon Marinatos in 1934 in the Arkalochori cave in Crete,{{cite book|last1=Best |first1=Jan G. P. |last2=Woudhuizen|first2=Fred |title=Lost Languages from the Mediterranean |date=31 December 1989|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-08934-1|page=97}} which is believed to have been used for religious rituals.{{cite journal|last=Whittaker|first=Helène|author-link=Helene Whittaker|title=Social and Symbolic Aspects of Minoan writing|journal=European Journal of Archaeology|year=2005|volume=8|issue=2|pages=157–181|doi=10.1177/1461957105058207|s2cid=162881074 }} There are many other examples of labrys surviving from the Minoan Civilization, including considerable numbers found in the same cave,Flouda, 46-48 but this one is unusual because of its large size and because it is inscribed with fifteen symbols. Most are much smaller, though sometimes in gold or silver, although other "full-size" examples have been found, including in the Arkalochori cave. Scholarly interest in the axe has mostly been focused on the inscriptions.Flouda, 45-49

The axe-head is of cast bronze, with a circular hole for a shaft in the centre. The cutting edges to either side "must initially have been sharp". Given its age and corrosion, it cannot be determined whether it had any wear from use. The axe-head is 241 mm across, and around the shaft hole 74 mm wide.Flouda, 49 It was found as part of a large deposit, that entirely lacked objects in stone and other materials that are usually found in such deposits, including only objects in various metals, including silver and gold. Accordingly, it has been suggested that the partly-walled up cave functioned as a storeroom for a local guild of metal-workers producing these items.Flouda, 46-47

It has been suggested that these symbols might be Linear A, although some scholars disagree.{{cite book|last=Price|first=Glanville|title=Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe|year=2000|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=978-0-631-22039-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=29BAeKHwvuoC&q=Arkalochori+Axe+symbols&pg=PA354|page=384}}

The Arkalochori axe (Museum number X2416),Flouda, 49 and the Phaistos Disc are exhibited at the Heraklion Archaeological Museum (Galleries V and VII, respectively). They share some symbols.