Arlije

{{Short description|Romani people in North Macedonia}}

{{Infobox ethnic group

|group = Arlije
Erlides
Yerli

|image =

|caption =

|total =

|langs = Balkan Romani, Macedonian, Albanian, Balkan Gagauz

|rels = Cultural Muslims

|related =

}}

{{Romani people}}

The sedentary Arlije are the main group of the Romani people in North Macedonia, and the majority live in Šuto Orizari Municipality. They are Muslim Romani. There are various subgroups of the Arlije, named after their traditional occupations,{{Cite web|title=Arlije [Rombase]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806201910/http://rombase.uni-graz.at/cgi-bin/art.cgi?src=data/ethn/groupsat/at-arlije.en.xml|url=http://rombase.uni-graz.at/cgi-bin/art.cgi?src=data/ethn/groupsat/at-arlije.en.xml|archive-date=6 August 2021|website=rombase.uni-graz.at}} living in North Macedonia,{{Cite web|title=Seven varieties of Arli: Skopje as a center of convergence and divergence of Romani dialects|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318034551|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809135944/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318034551_Seven_varieties_of_Arli_Skopje_as_a_center_of_convergence_and_divergence_of_Romani_dialects|archive-date=9 August 2021|website=ResearchGate}} Kosovo, Southern Serbia, and Montenegro.{{Cite web|title=Arliye / Arlije|url=https://www.romarchive.eu/de/terms/arliye-arlije/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809135137/https://www.romarchive.eu/de/terms/arliye-arlije/|archive-date=9 August 2021|website=www.romarchive.eu}}{{cite web|url=https://www.romaeducationfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/montenegro_assessment_english.pdf|title= Advancing Education of Roma in Montenegro}} Beside Macedonian and Albanian, they speak the Arli dialect of Balkan Romani.{{Cite web|title=Arli Romani|url=https://www.oeaw.ac.at/de/vlach/collections/romani/arli-romani|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806202036/https://www.oeaw.ac.at/de/vlach/collections/romani/arli-romani|archive-date=6 August 2021|website=www.oeaw.ac.at}} The word Arlije (singular Arli) is derived from the Turkish word yerli (meaning "native" or "settled"),{{Cite web|title=Roma/Gypsies|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/romagypsies/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809144211/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/romagypsies/|archive-date=9 August 2021|website=Minority Rights Group|date=19 June 2015 }} as does the name Erlides ({{langx|el|Ερλίδες}}, of a similar group living in Greece,{{cite web | url=https://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/interactive/sampler/gr901.html | title=Arli: Dialect Sampler, Romani Dialects Interactive - ROMANI Project Manchester }}{{cite web|title=Romani in Europe|url=https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/roma/Source/RomaniEurope_EN.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809135131/https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/roma/Source/RomaniEurope_EN.pdf|archive-date=9 August 2021|website=www.coe.int}} and the Sofia-Erli in Bulgaria.{{cite web | url=https://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/interactive/sampler/bg024.html | title=Erli: Dialect Sampler, Romani Dialects Interactive - ROMANI Project Manchester }} The biggest settlement of Arlije is in Šuto Orizari in North Macedonia. In East Thrace at Turkey, they are called Yerli Romanlar and only speak Rumelian Turkish.{{Cite web|title=Dergipark|url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/751137/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022122110/https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/751137/|archive-date=22 October 2020|access-date=27 August 2021}}

Many Arlije have moved to Austria and Germany as guest workers. Some Arli men have married Austrian and German women.{{cite web | url=http://rombase.uni-graz.at/cgi-bin/art.cgi?src=data/ethn/groupsat/at-arlije.en.xml | title=Arlije [Rombase] }}

Genetics

While the Early Romani people traces back to the Indian subcontinent,{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319414885 |via=ResearchGate|doi=10.1186/s12863-017-0547-x |title=Refining the South Asian Origin of the Romani people |year=2017 |last1=Melegh |first1=Bela I. |last2=Banfai |first2=Zsolt |last3=Hadzsiev |first3=Kinga |last4=Miseta |first4=Attila |last5=Melegh |first5=Bela |journal=BMC Genetics |volume=18 |issue=1 |page=82 |pmid=28859608 |pmc=5580230 |doi-access=free }} gene flow from the Ottoman Turks also spilled over and established a higher frequency of the Y-haplogroups J and E3b in Balkan Roma Groups.{{cite journal |last1=Bánfai |first1=Zsolt |last2=Melegh |first2=Béla I. |last3=Sümegi |first3=Katalin |last4=Hadzsiev |first4=Kinga |last5=Miseta |first5=Attila |last6=Kásler |first6=Miklós |last7=Melegh |first7=Béla |title=Revealing the Genetic Impact of the Ottoman Occupation on Ethnic Groups of East-Central Europe and on the Roma Population of the Area |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |date=13 June 2019 |volume=10 |page=558 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2019.00558 |pmid=31263480 |pmc=6585392 |doi-access=free }} The Greek doctor A. G. Paspati made also the statement in his Book, that Turkish men often married Roma woman.{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/592158 | jstor=592158 | last1=Paspati | first1=A. G. | last2=Hamlin | first2=C. | title=Memoir on the Language of the Gypsies, as Now Used in the Turkish Empire | journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society | year=1860 | volume=7 | pages=143–270 | doi=10.2307/592158 | url-access=subscription }} Greek-Slavic DNA also in the Balkan Roma people.{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282042290 |via=ResearchGate|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2015.201 |title=Origins, admixture and founder lineages in European Roma |year=2016 |last1=Martínez-Cruz |first1=Begoña |last2=Mendizabal |first2=Isabel |last3=Harmant |first3=Christine |last4=De Pablo |first4=Rosario |last5=Ioana |first5=Mihai |last6=Angelicheva |first6=Dora |last7=Kouvatsi |first7=Anastasia |last8=Makukh |first8=Halyna |last9=Netea |first9=Mihai G. |last10=Pamjav |first10=Horolma |last11=Zalán |first11=Andrea |last12=Tournev |first12=Ivailo |last13=Marushiakova |first13=Elena |last14=Popov |first14=Vesselin |last15=Bertranpetit |first15=Jaume |last16=Kalaydjieva |first16=Luba |last17=Quintana-Murci |first17=Lluis |last18=Comas |first18=David |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=937–943 |pmid=26374132 |pmc=4867443 }}

People of Arlije descent

References