Arms Control and Disarmament Act of 1961

{{Short description|US federal legislation}}

{{Infobox U.S. legislation

| shorttitle = Arms Control and Disarmament Act of 1961

| othershorttitles =

| longtitle = An Act to establish a United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

| colloquialacronym =

| nickname = Arms Control and Disarmament Act

| enacted by = 87th

| effective date = September 26, 1961

| public law url = http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-75/pdf/STATUTE-75-Pg631.pdf

| cite public law = 87-297

| cite statutes at large = {{usstat|75|631}}

| acts amended =

| acts repealed =

| title amended = 22 U.S.C.: Foreign Relations and Intercourse

| sections created = {{Usc-title-chap|22|35}} § 2551

| sections amended =

| leghisturl =

| introducedin = House

| introducedbill = {{USBill|87|H.R.|9118}}

| introducedby = Thomas E. Morgan (D-PA)

| introduceddate = September 12, 1961

| committees = House Foreign Affairs, Senate Foreign Relations

| passedbody1 = Senate

| passeddate1 = September 8, 1961

| passedvote1 = [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1961/s179 73–14], in lieu of S. 2180

| passedbody2 = House

| passedas2 =

| passeddate2 = September 19, 1961

| passedvote2 = [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1961/h107 290–54]

| conferencedate = September 23, 1961

| passedbody3 = House

| passeddate3 = September 23, 1961

| passedvote3 = [http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1961/h113 253–50]

| agreedbody3 =

| agreeddate3 =

| agreedvote3 =

| agreedbody4 =

| agreeddate4 =

| agreedvote4 =

| passedbody4 = Senate

| passeddate4 = agreed

| passedvote4 =

| signedpresident = John F. Kennedy

| signeddate = September 26, 1961

| unsignedpresident =

| unsigneddate =

| vetoedpresident =

| vetoeddate =

| overriddenbody1 =

| overriddendate1 =

| overriddenvote1 =

| overriddenbody2 =

| overriddendate2 =

| overriddenvote2 =

| amendments =

| SCOTUS cases =

}}

The Arms Control and Disarmament Act of 1961, 22 U.S.C. § 2551, was created to establish a governing body for the control and reduction of apocalyptic armaments with regards to protect a world from the burdens of armaments and the scourge of war.

The Act was passed by the 87th Congress and signed by the President John F. Kennedy on September 26, 1961.{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/4730886.1961.001.umich.edu/page/626 |title=Remarks in New York City Upon Signing Bill Establishing the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency - September 26, 1961 |last=Kennedy |first=John F. |date=September 26, 1961 |website=Internet Archive |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Archives and Records Service |pages=626–627}}{{cite web |url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKWHP-1961-09-26-C.aspx |title=Trip to New York City: Bill signing - HR 9118 Public Law 87-297, Arms Control and Disarmament Act, 11:30AM |publisher=John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum}}{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/87th-congress/house-bill/9118/ |title=H.R. 9118 - Arms Control and Disarmament Act of 1961 |series=P.L. 87-297 ~ 75 Stat. 631 |date=26 September 1961 |publisher=Congress.gov}}

Provisions of the Act

The Arms Control and Disarmament Act established the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA).{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/4730886.1961.001.umich.edu/page/486 |title=Letter to the President of the Senate and to the Speaker of the House Proposing the Establishment of a United States Disarmament Agency - June 29, 1961 |last=Kennedy |first=John F. |date=June 29, 1961 |website=Internet Archive |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=National Archives and Records Service |pages=486–488}} The U.S. federal organization developed the formulation and implementation of the United States arms control and disarmament policy. The agency provided information and recommendations with regards to U.S. economic, foreign, and national security policies to executive and legislative officials of the United States government.{{cite web |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/235982 |title=John F. Kennedy: "Executive Order 11044 - Interagency Coordination of Arms Control and Disarmament Matters," August 20, 1962 |author1=Peters,Gerhard |author2=Woolley, John T |work=The American Presidency Project |publisher=University of California - Santa Barbara}}

The Act established several core functions for the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency;

  • Conduct, coordinate, and support the research of the formulation for the arms control and disarmament policy.
  • Management and preparation of the United States participation in international negotiations for the arms control and disarmament peace process.
  • Coordination and dissemination of United States public information concerning arms control and disarmament policy.
  • Operation and preparation, as appropriate, for the United States participation in control systems of domestic and international arms control and disarmament activities.

Titles of the Act

The federal statute was penned as four titles created as Chapter 35 within Title 22 which defines the United States foreign policies for international relations and intercourse records.

=Title I — Short Title, Purpose, and Definitions=

:22 U.S.C. § 2551 ~ Purpose of Act

:22 U.S.C. § 2552 ~ Definitions of Act

=Title II — Organization=

:22 U.S.C. § 2561 ~ Establishment of agency

:22 U.S.C. § 2562 ~ Director

:22 U.S.C. § 2563 ~ Deputy Director

:22 U.S.C. § 2564 ~ Assistant Directors

:22 U.S.C. § 2565 ~ Bureaus, Offices, and Divisions

:22 U.S.C. § 2566 ~ General Advisory Committee

=Title III — Functions=

:22 U.S.C. § 2571 ~ Research

:22 U.S.C. § 2572 ~ Patents

:22 U.S.C. § 2573 ~ Policy formulation

:22 U.S.C. § 2574 ~ Negotiations and related functions

:22 U.S.C. § 2575 ~ Coordination

=Title IV — General Provisions=

:22 U.S.C. § 2581 ~ General authority

:22 U.S.C. § 2582 ~ Foreign Service Reserve and staff officers

:22 U.S.C. § 2583 ~ Contracts or expenditures

:22 U.S.C. § 2584 ~ Conflict of interest and dual compensation laws

:22 U.S.C. § 2585 ~ Security requirements

:22 U.S.C. § 2586 ~ Comptroller General audit

:22 U.S.C. § 2587 ~ Transfer of activities and facilities to agency

:22 U.S.C. § 2588 ~ Use of funds

:22 U.S.C. § 2589 ~ Appropriation

:22 U.S.C. § 2590 ~ Report to Congress

Amendments to 1961 Act

Chronological timeline of authorizations for U.S. Congressional legislation related to United States arms control and disarmament provisions.

style="border:1px solid gray; align:left; width:85%" cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0
style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#bbddff; color:black;"

! style=" border-bottom:1.5px solid black"|Date of Enactment

! style=" border-bottom:1.5px solid black"|U.S. Public Law

! style=" border-bottom:1.5px solid black"|U.S. Statute

! style=" border-bottom:1.5px solid black"|U.S. Bill

! style=" border-bottom:1.5px solid black"|U.S. Presidential Administration

style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5;"|November 26, 1963

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|P.L. 88-186

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{usstat|77|341}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{USBill|88|S.|777}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|Lyndon B. Johnson

style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5;"|May 22, 1965

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|P.L. 89-27

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{usstat|79|117}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{USBill|89|H.R.|2998}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|Lyndon B. Johnson

style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5;"|May 23, 1968

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|P.L. 90-314

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{usstat|82|129}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{USBill|90|H.R.|14940}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|Lyndon B. Johnson

style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5;"|May 12, 1970

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|P.L. 91-246

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{usstat|84|207}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{USBill|91|S.|3544}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|Richard M. Nixon

style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5;"|July 8, 1974

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|P.L. 93-332

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{usstat|88|289}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{USBill|93|H.R.|12799}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|Richard M. Nixon

style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5;"|August 17, 1977

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|P.L. 95-108

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{usstat|91|871}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{USBill|95|H.R.|6179}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|Jimmy E. Carter

style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5;"|December 2, 1983

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|P.L. 98-202

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{usstat|97|1381}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{USBill|98|H.R.|2906}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|Ronald W. Reagan

style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5;"|December 24, 1987

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|P.L. 100-213

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{usstat|101|1444}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{USBill|100|H.R.|2689}}

| style="border-bottom:1px solid gray; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|Ronald W. Reagan

style="border-bottom:1.5px solid black; background:#F5F5F5;"|December 11, 1989

| style="border-bottom:1.5px solid black; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|P.L. 101-216

| style="border-bottom:1.5px solid black; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{usstat|103|1853}}

| style="border-bottom:1.5px solid black; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|{{USBill|101|H.R.|1495}}

| style="border-bottom:1.5px solid black; background:#F5F5F5; text-align:center;"|George H.W. Bush

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Historical Video Archive

:{{cite web |url=https://stock.periscopefilm.com/71972-1983-nuclear-arms-control-regime-film-nuclear-safeguards/ |title=71972 1983 Nuclear Arms Control Regime Film / Nuclear Safeguards |year=1983 |website=Periscope Film |publisher=U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency}}